Ruminal fermentation characteristics and fatty acid profile of ruminal fluid and milk of dairy cows fed flaxseed hulls supplemented with monensin

Kazama, Daniele Cristina da Silva; Côrtes, Cristiano; Kazama, Ricardo; Benchaar, C.; Santos, Geraldo Tadeu dos; Zeoula, Lúcia Maria; Petit, H.V.

doi:10.1017/s0022029910000865

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The low ammonia concentrations in both monensin groups are consistent with the protein-sparing effect and decreased ammonia concentrations reported in monensin-fed dairy cattle (Plaizier et al, 2000;Ghorbani et al, 2011) but no effects have also been observed (Ramanzin et al, 1997;da Silva-Kazama et al, 2011). Protein sparing can be beneficial to the host; however, as ammonia is required for microbial protein synthesis, a very low ammonia concentration could be detrimental, depending on the quality of protein spared.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of feed additives on rumen and blood profiles during a starch and fructose challenge

Golder

Celi

Rabiee

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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We evaluated the effect of feed additives on the risk of ruminal acidosis in Holstein heifers (n = 40) fed starch and fructose in a challenge study. Heifers were randomly allocated to feed additive groups (n = 8 heifers/group): (1) control (no additives); (2) virginiamycin (VM); (3) monensin + tylosin (MT); (4) monensin + live yeast (MLY); and (5) sodium bicarbonate + magnesium oxide (BUF). Heifers were fed 2.5% of body weight (BW) dry matter intake (DMI) per day of a total mixed ration (62:38 forage:concentrate) and feed additives for a 20-d adaptation period. Fructose (0.1% of BW/d) was included for the last 10d of the adaptation period. On d 21, heifers were fed to target a DMI of 1.0% of BW of wheat, fructose at 0.2% of BW, and their feed additives. Rumen fluid samples obtained by stomach tube and blood samples were collected weekly as well as during a 3.6-h period on challenge day (d 21). Virginiamycin and BUF groups maintained a consistently high DMI across the 20-d adaptation period. The MLY heifers had low DMI of the challenge ration. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by feed additives. All rumen and plasma measures changed weekly over adaptation and over the challenge sampling period with the exception of rumen total lactate and histamine concentrations, plasma oxidative stress index, and ceruloplasmin. Substantial within- and between-group variation was observed in rumen and plasma profiles at challenge sampling. No significant group changes were observed in rumen total volatile fatty acids, propionate, acetate-to-propionate ratio, isobutyrate, caproate, isovalerate, total lactate, d- and l-lactate, and pH measures on challenge day. Acetate concentration was increased in the BUF and control groups on challenge day. Butyrate concentration was lower in the MLY and MT groups compared with other groups at challenge. Valerate concentrations were lowest in the control, VM, and BUF groups and lactate concentrations were numerically lower in the MLY, VM, and BUF groups. Total lactate concentrations were >10mM for each group throughout the challenge. Ammonia concentrations were lower in the MLY and MT groups. Histamine concentrations were decreased in MLY and increased in the VM and BUF groups. Plasma oxidative stress measures were not influenced by feed additives weekly or on challenge day, except for an increase in biological antioxidant potential in the control, VM, and MT groups on challenge day. Despite the large within-animal variation, all feed additives modified rumen function and may influence the risk of acidosis by different mechanisms; however, none stabilized the rumen in all heifers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of feed additives on rumen and blood profiles during a starch and fructose challenge

Golder

Celi

Rabiee

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…AlZahal et al (2008) detected an interaction between R and increasing the amount of soybean oil supplementation increasing the percentage of trans 18:1 and decreasing SMCFA in milk fat. In contrast, no R interaction occurred with feeding flaxeed (da Silva-Kazama et al, 2011). In our companion study (Reveneau et al, 2012), we reported that these same cows fed AV fat decreased milk fat yield by 0.08 kg/d without R, but AV fat decreased milk fat more (0.18 kg/d) when combined with R; in contrast, CNO severely depressed milk fat (>0.30 kg/d) regardless of R (R × source interaction, P < 0.10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Interaction of unsaturated fat or coconut oil with monensin in lactating dairy cows fed 12 times daily. II. Fatty acid flow to the omasum and milk fatty acid profile

Reveneau

Ribeiro

Eastridge

et al. 2012

Journal of Dairy Science

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Feeding animal-vegetable (AV) fat or medium-chain fatty acids (FA) to dairy cows can decrease ruminal protozoal counts. However, combining moderate to large amounts of AV fat with monensin (tradename: Rumensin, R) could increase the risk for milk fat depression (MFD), whereas it is not known if diets supplemented with coconut oil (CNO; rich in medium-chain FA) with R would cause MFD. In a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, 6 rumen-cannulated cows were fed diets without or with R (12 g/909 kg) and either control (no fat), 5% AV fat, or 5% CNO. Diets were balanced to have 21.5% forage neutral detergent fiber, 16.8% crude protein, and 42% nonfiber carbohydrates. Omasal flows of FA were characterized by an increased percentage of trans 18:1 for AV fat and CNO diets compared with the control, a higher percentage of 12:0 and 14:0 for CNO, and higher cis 18:1 for AV fat. Milk FA composition reflected the changes observed for omasal FA digesta flow. The de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland was decreased by the main effects of R compared without R (averaged over fat treatments) and for added fat (AV fat and CNO) versus control (averaged over R). The percentages of 6:0, 8:0, and 10:0 in milk fat were lower for R and for AV fat and CNO compared with the control. The percentage of trans 18:1 FA in milk fat also higher for AV fat and CNO compared with the control. Against our hypotheses, the feeding of CNO did not prevent MFD, and few interactions between R and fat source were detected. The feeding of CNO did compromise ruminal biohydrogenation, with accumulation of trans 18:1 in the rumen and in milk fat.

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“…The present study is part of a larger project with results on milk production, milk composition and concentration of the mammalian lignan enterolactone in the rumen and milk reported elsewhere (Petit et al 2009). Results on ruminal fermentation characteristics and fatty acid profile of milk fat and rumen fluid from the same study also are reported elsewhere (da Silva- Kazama et al 2011). Four lactating multiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas (10 cm, Bar Diamond Inc., Parma, ID, USA) averaging 665 ± 21 kg of body weight and 190 ± 5 days in milk at the beginning of the experiment were used in the experiment.…”

Section: Cows and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Monensin has been shown to increase concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (Bell et al 2006;da Silva-Kazama et al 2011) and to decrease those of saturated FA in milk fat of dairy cows. Although a combination of monensin and flaxseed hull supplementation may contribute to modify milk composition for better human health as shown by Silva- Kazama et al (2011) there is no information on the effect of feeding both monensin and flaxseed hulls on digestibility of fatty acids and nutrients. Therefore, the main objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding diets supplemented or not with monensin and flaxseed hulls on total apparent tract digestibility of FA and nutrients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake and digestibility of fatty acids in late-lactating dairy cows fed flaxseed hulls supplemented with monensin

Côrtes

Silva-Kazama

Kazama

et al. 2011

Journal of Dairy Research

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Flaxseed hull, a co-product obtained from flax processing, is a rich source of n-3 fatty acids but there is little information on digestibility of its nutrients by dairy cows. Four rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows averaging 665 ± 21 kg of body weight and 190 ± 5 d in milk at the beginning of the experiment were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 28-d experimental periods to determine the effects of feeding monensin and flaxseed hulls on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients and fatty acids. The four treatments were: (1) diet CO: control with neither flaxseed hulls nor monensin added; (2) diet FH containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g dry matter (DM); (3) diet MO with 16 mg monensin/kg DM; (4) diet HM containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g DM and 16 mg monensin/kg DM. Diets provided similar amounts of protein and net energy of lactation. Digestibility of crude protein was higher for diets containing flaxseed hulls and for diets supplemented with monensin. Flaxseed hulls supplementation decreased digestibility of acid and neutral detergent fibre. Significantly higher digestibility of ether extract and individual fatty acids was observed for treatments with flaxseed hulls compared with treatments without flaxseed hulls. A combination of flaxseed hulls and monensin did not result in better fatty acid digestibility than when feeding only flaxseed hulls.

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Ruminal fermentation characteristics and fatty acid profile of ruminal fluid and milk of dairy cows fed flaxseed hulls supplemented with monensin

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of feed additives on rumen and blood profiles during a starch and fructose challenge

Effects of feed additives on rumen and blood profiles during a starch and fructose challenge

Interaction of unsaturated fat or coconut oil with monensin in lactating dairy cows fed 12 times daily. II. Fatty acid flow to the omasum and milk fatty acid profile

Intake and digestibility of fatty acids in late-lactating dairy cows fed flaxseed hulls supplemented with monensin

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