Ruminal ochratoxin A degradation—Contribution of the different microbial populations and influence of diet

Mobashar, Muhammad; Blank, Ralf; Hummel, Jürgen; Westphal, Anna; Tholen, Ernst; Südekum, Karl‐Heinz

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.10.002

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thus, in vitro metabolism of different mycotoxins (AFB1, AFG2, DON, diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2 toxin) by bacterial, protozoal and ovine ruminal fluid preparations has been determined by Westlake et al (1989). Mobashar et al (2012) have recently studied the contribution of the different microbial populations of rumen on OTA degradation using the in vitro Hohenheim gas incubator system. Authors have found that in contrast to the opinions in many publications, the bacterial (and not the protozoal) community played the dominant role in ruminal OTA degradation.…”

Section: Gastric Juicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin bioaccessibility/absorption assessment usingin vitro digestion models: a review

González-Arias

Marı́n

Sanchís

et al. 2013

WMJ

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In the evaluation of the oral bioavailability of a mycotoxin, the first step is the determination of its bioaccessibility, i.e. the percentage of mycotoxin released from the food matrix during digestion in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that could be absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Different in vitro digestion models have been recently used for determination of bioaccessibility, thereby avoiding the use of more complex cell culture techniques or the use of animals in expensive in vivo experiments. In vitro methods offer an appealing alternative to human and animal studies. They usually are rapid, simple and reasonably low in cost, and can be used to perform simplified experiments under uniform and well-controlled conditions, providing insights not achievable in whole animal studies. The available in vitro methods for GI simulation differ in the design of the system, the composition of the physiological juices assayed, as well as in the use or not of intestinal microbiota. There are models that only simulate the upper part of the GI tract (mouth-stomach-small intestine), whereas other methods include the large intestine, so that the model chosen could have some influence on the bioaccessibility data obtained. Bioaccessibility depends on the food matrix, as well as on the contamination level and the way the food/feed is contaminated (spiked or naturally). This review focuses on the currently available data regarding in vitro digestion models for the study of the bioaccessibility or absorption of mycotoxins, detailing the characteristics of each digestion step and the importance of the physiological juices employed during digestion. The effect that different factors play on mycotoxin release from the food matrix in the GI tract is also considered, and existing data on bioaccessibility of the main mycotoxins are given.

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Section: Gastric Juicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin bioaccessibility/absorption assessment usingin vitro digestion models: a review

González-Arias

Marı́n

Sanchís

et al. 2013

WMJ

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“…The comparison of bacteria + protozoa and bacteria + fungi indicates that bacteria + protozoa yield lower GP values. Interestingly, in other characteristics depending in some way on “metabolic activity” of the MP like OTA degradation, no clear difference between these MP was obvious (Mobashar et al, ). If at all, bacteria + protozoa showed slightly greater OTA‐degrading activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We were able to track the effectiveness of the treatment meant to reduce the protozoa numbers. These were 20*10 6 ml −1 in the incubations without centrifugation and 1.2*10 6 ml −1 in the incubations using centrifuged inoculum (Mobashar et al, ). The actual bacterial and fungal numbers were not quantified in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of different rumen microbial groups to gas, short‐chain fatty acid and ammonium production from different diets—an approach in an in vitro fermentation system

Mobashar

Hummel

Blank

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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In this study, the relative contribution of different microbial groups to ruminal metabolism was investigated for different diets. The rumen microbial cultures included whole rumen fluid, fungi + protozoa, bacteria + protozoa, protozoa and bacteria + fungi and were established by physical and chemical methods. Gas production, short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonium production were measured at 24 hr in in vitro incubations using the Hohenheim gas test (HGT) procedure. Seven donor animal diets with different concentrate‐to‐roughage ratios (C:R: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, 70:30BC (BC = NaHCO3), 90:10 and 90:10BC) and five HGT diets (C:R: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 and 90:10) were formulated. Incubations in the HGT were always based on inoculum from sheep diets with the respective C:R ratio. Gas and ammonium production increased (p < 0.001) as a result of a gradual increase in concentrate proportion of the diets. In general, SCFA production followed the same trend. Whole rumen fluid and bacteria + fungi produced approximately 50% higher gas volume than protozoa and fungi + protozoa fractions, whereas gas production with bacteria + protozoa was at an intermediate level. Coculture of protozoa either with bacteria or with fungi produced more ammonium. Populations without bacteria were characterized by a particularly high acetate/propionate ratio. Although an interaction between microbial group and diet was observed for several variables, no clear direction could be established. Manipulating rumen fluid by selectively suppressing specific rumen microbial groups may be a helpful tool in elucidating their role in nutrient degradation and turnover in vitro.

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“…It is of health concern due to its widespread occurrence in food and feed chain [4]; thus, assessing the fate of this contaminant during digestion is of prime importance. Surprisingly, even though it is now well established that OTA is efficiently degraded in the rumen (with major role of protozoa as well as bacteria as recently reported) [5][6][7], little is known about its fate during human digestion. So far, based on in vitro studies, it is considered to be partly absorbed by the small intestinal epithelium but, during digestion, OTA bioaccessibility may differ greatly depending on the food matrix as illustrated by a recent study focusing on the bioacessibility of OTA from food during in vitro digestion experiments [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Semi-automated solid-phase extraction method for studying the biodegradation of ochratoxin A by human intestinal microbiota

Camel

Ouethrani

Coudray

et al. 2012

Journal of Chromatography B

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Ruminal ochratoxin A degradation—Contribution of the different microbial populations and influence of diet

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Mycotoxin bioaccessibility/absorption assessment usingin vitro digestion models: a review

Mycotoxin bioaccessibility/absorption assessment usingin vitro digestion models: a review

Contribution of different rumen microbial groups to gas, short‐chain fatty acid and ammonium production from different diets—an approach in an in vitro fermentation system

Semi-automated solid-phase extraction method for studying the biodegradation of ochratoxin A by human intestinal microbiota

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