Ruminal pH, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and serum acute phase protein concentrations during finishing for steers with and without rumen and liver pathology

Wiese, B.; Campbell, J. G.; Hendrick, S.; Penner, G.B.

doi:10.1139/cjas-2016-0212

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…At rumen level, the starch load might cause a temporary imbalance between production and absorption of fatty acids with a consequent drop in ruminal pH ( 14 , 28 ). When a prolonged condition of low rumen pH (5.5–5.0) persists, bacteria might invade the rumen wall and eventually lead to ruminitis and severe damage to the rumen mucosa papillae ( 14 , 29 ). The quite high prevalence of signs of ruminitis recorded in this study is consistent to this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Rumen Mucosa, Lung, and Liver Lesions at Slaughter as Benchmarking Tool for the Improvement of Finishing Beef Cattle Health and Welfare

et al. 2021

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Abattoir post-mortem inspections offer a useful tool for animal disease surveillance. The present cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of rumen mucosa, lung, and liver lesions in 153 randomly selected batches of finishing beef cattle through a post-mortem inspection at the abattoir. At least 15 animals per batch were inspected at slaughter by two veterinarians for a total of 2,161 animals (1,376 bulls; 785 heifers) coming from 80 Italian commercial farms. Rumens were inspected by recording as binary variables (presence/absence) signs of hyperkeratosis, ruminitis, ulcer, and star scars. Similarly, lungs were inspected for signs of pneumonia and livers for signs of lipidosis, abscesses, and/or adherence. Hyperkeratosis of the mucosa and signs of ruminitis were detected in 58 and 30% of the inspected rumens, respectively. Ruminal star scars were more prevalent in bulls than in heifers (18 vs. 11%; P < 0.05). Signs of severe pneumonia were observed in 10% of the lungs; abscess and/or adherence in 4% of the livers. Hyperkeratosis of rumen mucosa was correlated to signs of ruminitis, and signs of ruminitis were correlated to star scars. No correlations were found between hepatic lesions and any other rumen or lung disorders. The wide variability observed among batches for the prevalence of specific lesions suggested the development of a benchmarking system to provide feedback to the farm veterinarians, as these lesions can be reflective of a subclinical disease status not easy to be detected in the live animal. Quartiles of the batch prevalence of rumen, lung, and liver alterations (if ≥1%) were calculated as a benchmarking tool, and third quartile value was proposed as an alarm threshold for each lesion. The use of the benchmarking system could allow to allocate each inspected batch to a specific “health class.” Critical batches with a prevalence above the alarm threshold for a given lesion should be reported to veterinarians of the origin farms where actions should be taken in order to identify and lower the risk factors for that specific health issue. Knowledge of post-mortem inspection data along with the implementation of the proposed benchmarking system should help farm veterinarians to improve herd management from a health and welfare perspective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Rumen Mucosa, Lung, and Liver Lesions at Slaughter as Benchmarking Tool for the Improvement of Finishing Beef Cattle Health and Welfare

et al. 2021

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“…The stock SCFAs solution included acetate (1 M), propionate (1 M), and butyrate (1 M). The concentration of SCFAs used in this study was based on the concentration of SCFAs in health and SARA dairy cows, which were reported by Wood, Pinto, Millen, Guzman, and Penner () and Wiese et al (). In addition, the ruminal epithelium cells were treated with the same concentration of NaCl, simulating the concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, the ruminal epithelium cell yield was assessed using a hemocytometer, and the cell viabilities were estimated using trypan blue dye. Then, the ruminal epithelium cells were resuspended in the growth medium; the ruminal epithelium cell density was adjusted to 1 × 10 6 cells/ml with (2016) and Wiese et al (2017). In addition, the ruminal epithelium cells were treated with the same concentration of NaCl, simulating the concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate treatment.…”

Section: Isolation Of Calf Primary Ruminal Epithelium Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the ruminal epithelium cells were incubated in different pH (5.5, 6.5, and 7.5). And the ruminal epithelium cells were Wood, Pinto, Millen, Guzman, and Penner (2016) and Wiese et al (2017). In addition, the ruminal epithelium cells were treated with the same concentration of NaCl, simulating the concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate treatment.…”

Section: The Treatment Of Ph Scfas and Lpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subacute ruminal acidosis suppressed the expression of MCT1 in rumen of cows

Zhao

Wang

Peng

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is characterized by the depression of ruminal pH and an increase in the concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rumen of cows. The onset of SARA was linked to the accumulation of SCFAs. However, the mechanism of SCFAs transport is unknown. The proton‐linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) plays a vital role in the transportation of SCFAs. The goal of this study was to elucidate the distribution of MCT1 along the gastrointestinal tract of calves and adult cows; the expression change of MCT1 in SARA cows and the effect of ruminal pH, SCFAs, and LPS on MCT1 expression in rumen epithelial cells in vitro. The results indicated the presence of MCT1 along the gastrointestinal tract of calves and adult cows, most abundantly expressed in the rumen. Importantly, the expression of MCT1 was decreased in the rumen epithelium of SARA cows, and the expression of MCT1 was restored in the SARA treatment group. In vitro, LPS, low rumen fluid pH, high concentrations of SCFAs (90 mM acetate, 40 mM propionate, and 30 mM butyrate), and high concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively, inhibited the expression of MCT1 in rumen epithelial cells. Taken together, these results indicated that LPS, low ruminal pH, and high concentrations of SCFAs decreased the expression of MCT1, further aggravating the accumulation of SCFAs in the rumen by decreasing the absorption of SCFAs.

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“…The sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a global threat which causes reduced dry matter intake and digestibility (Coon et al, 2019), change in bacterial density, assorted variety and community structure of the microorganism in the rumen (Plaizier et al, 2017), reduced microbial protein synthesis (de Veth and Kolver, 2001), decreased milk yield (Stone, 1999), reduced milk fat substance (Coon et al, 2019), modified lipid profile of milk (Jing et al, 2018), decreased conception rate (Khalouei et al, 2016), liver abscess (Wiese et al, 2017) and laminitis (Nocek, 1997). SARA has been characterized as a condition portrayed by critical ruminal pH and increased accumulation of short chain unsaturated fatty acids (SCFA) because of an imbalance between the production of fermentation acids by rumen microorganisms and the retention, absorption and buffering of those acids (Allen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: Its causes, consequences and preventive measures

Hossain¹

2020

ojafr

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Current feeding programs for cattle prescribe concentrate rich diets to meet their ever increasing demands for high levels of milk production. These diets, however, can impair rumen health and thus cattle production, milk yield and welfare. High energy diets are rapidly fermented in the rumen because they are high in fermentable starch, low in NDF and contain finely chopped digestible forages. Feeding rapidly fermentable diet to the cows predominantly adapted to digest and metabolize forage based total mixed ration (TMR) substantially increases short term milk yield, but the risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) increases. Additionally, too high concentrate to forage ratio, too fast a switch from high forage to high concentrate, diet composed of highly fermented feeds, improperly mixed TMR and mycotoxins in feed also increases the incidence of SARA in dairy herds. SARA causes depressed feed intake, cycling feeding, reduced cud chewing, poor fibre digestion, rumenitis, mastitis, metritis, dehydration, diarrhoea, abomasal displacement, pulmonary bacterial emboli, systemic inflammation, liver abscesses, low milk fat, low milk protein, sore hooves, laminitis and low fertility. Therefore, SARA is a major challenge for animal health, productivity, economic efficiency and welfare issue even in well managed dairy herds. Feeding higher amounts of forages, supplying adequate peNDF, processing grains less thoroughly, reducing fermentability of the carbohydrate fraction and adapting rumen to the dietary changes are the key factors to be considered for preventing SARA. Continued research for accurate quantification of peNDF in diet, grain processing, optimization of meal size, dietary cation-anion balance, narrowspectrum rumen modifier, inoculation of lactate utilizing microbes, inhibition of lactate producing microbes and innovation of the unique fermentability characteristics of feed ingredients to promote sufficient buffering and rapid absorption of VFA from rumen will explore new horizon for reducing incidence of SARA in future.

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Ruminal pH, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and serum acute phase protein concentrations during finishing for steers with and without rumen and liver pathology

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Assessment of Rumen Mucosa, Lung, and Liver Lesions at Slaughter as Benchmarking Tool for the Improvement of Finishing Beef Cattle Health and Welfare

Assessment of Rumen Mucosa, Lung, and Liver Lesions at Slaughter as Benchmarking Tool for the Improvement of Finishing Beef Cattle Health and Welfare

Subacute ruminal acidosis suppressed the expression of MCT1 in rumen of cows

Sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: Its causes, consequences and preventive measures

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