Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats

Abstract

This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.

Elaidic acid-induced intestinal barrier damage led to gut-liver axis derangement and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome in the liver of SD rats

“…At the same time, we also analyzed and discussed other related studies. In the studies of de Brito Medeiros et al [23] and Okamura et al [10] , the intake of EA was above the restricted consumption level. We hypothesize that the use of higher experimental doses may be an attempt to more accurately determine the mechanism and extent of damage caused by TFAs to the organism.…”

“…(ii) EA-exposed groups which received gavage EA in corn oil with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg BW, named the EA 50 group, the EA 100 group and the EA 150 group, respectively. The dosage was determined as previously described and in literature [10,23] . The experiment was conducted within 4 weeks.…”

Efecto de dietas altas en grasas lácteas bubalinas con diferente composición de ácidos grasos sobre la degeneración grasa hepática en ratones C57BL/6J

“…Los resultados mostraron que las dietas GLP y GLE, en un periodo de 154 días, no modificaron significativamente el peso corporal, el depósito de grasa epididimal, el contenido de grasa hepática o el grado de la degeneración grasa hepática en los ratones C57BL/6J. A diferencia de nuestros resultados, estudios previos han demostrado que el consumo durante 53, 60 o 84 días de dietas altas en grasas rumiante (22%, 23,99% o 27%) reducida en grasas saturadas (56,79% o 57%) y con niveles moderados de ácido vaccénico (0,69%, 4,46% o 4,56%), de ácido ruménico (0,5% o 1,21%) y de ácido α-linolénico (0,69% o 0,98%) han prevenido o reducido el depósito de grasa en el hígado de las ratones C57BL/6J (Benoit et al 2014) y ratas Wistar (Brito Medeiros et al 2021, Gerstner et al 2021). La ingesta de grasa láctea con menos grasas saturadas y más ácidos ruménico y vaccénico aumentó la tasa de secreción de triglicéridos, aumentó la β-oxidación y redujo la absorción de ácidos grasos en el hígado de las ratas (Gerstner et al 2021).…”

“…La leche bubalina experimental registró 50% menos ácido α-linolénico que la leche bubalina de pastura y fue inferior a los trabajos reportados previamente para dietas con efecto reductor de la grasa hepática (Benoit et al 2014, Brito Medeiros et al 2021). La ingesta de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 (α-linolénico, EPA y DHA) indujeron a una reducción de la grasa hepática (Hodson et al 2020).…”

Effects of beef fat enriched with trans vaccenic acid and cis9, trans11-CLA on glucose homoeostasis and hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

“…In rodent studies, supplementation with pure TVA or RA reduces fasting and postprandial insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (8)(9)(10)(11) . The apparent insulin-sensitising effects of TVA and RA in these studies were mainly attributed to their potential to bind and activate peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma-regulated pathways in the liver and adipose tissues (10)(11)(12) . Moreover, TVA has been shown to restore glucose homoeostasis in diabetic rats by promoting insulin secretion from pancreatic islets (13) .…”