Ruminant Nutrition, Dietary Factors Influencing Development of Ruminant Stomach

Warner, R.G.; Flatt, William P.; Loosli, J. K.

doi:10.1021/jf60067a003

Cited by 217 publications

(176 citation statements)

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“…Results indicate that maintaining young on a liquid diet delays development of the forestomach. Under these conditions, the reticulorumen was smaller than normal for the age with thinner walls, less capacity, and lacked normal coloration and development of the papillae (Warner et al, 1956;Smith, 1961;Tamate et al, 1962;Stobo et al, 1966;Swan and Groenewald, 2000). By contrast, animals maintained on hay, grain, or hay and grain had extensive forestomach and papillary development (Brownlee, 1956;Warner et al, 1956).…”

Section: Chapter II Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ontogenesis of peptide transport and morphological changes in the ovine gastrointestinal tract

Poole

Wong

McElroy

et al. 2003

Small Ruminant Research

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Nutrient absorption is important in all stages of life. As the diet of an animal changes from birth on, morphological and biochemical adaptation can be anticipated in order to accommodate changing demands. The main focus of the present study was to examine the relationship between age and diet on the potential for peptide transport via PepT1 in the gastrointestinal tract of lambs and to relate changes of peptide transport capability to morphological changes. A 2x4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used with 32 crossbred lambs. Four blocks were created based upon gender, birth type (single or twin), birth weight, and birth date. Lambs were randomly allotted at birth to receive or not to receive a creep diet. All lambs were allowed to nurse. Sampling times of 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk were randomly allotted to lambs. Samples for RNA extraction and histological evaluation were taken from the dorsal rumen, ventral rumen, omasum, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Villi were about 7% shorter (P < 0.09) in lambs receiving creep feed. Papillary height and width increased linearly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) with age. Total and keratinized epithelial cells in the stomach decreased (P < 0.03 and P < 0.004, respectively) with age and were fewer (P < 0.0002 and P < 0.0001, respectively) in lambs receiving creep feed. Creep feeding appears to have slightly altered the mucosal structure of the small intestine and it was advantageous in that it iii stimulated papillary growth and thus predisposed the rumen for the introduction of feed into the diet. A 2.8 kb oPepT1 mRNA was present in all tissues studied by 2 wk, and age did not significantly influence the abundance of oPepT1 mRNA in the small intestine or stomach. In the small intestine, abundance of oPepT1 mRNA was greatest (P < 0.0007) in the jejunum. In the stomach, abundance of oPepT1 mRNA was greatest (P < 0.01) in the dorsal rumen. In the stomach, particularly in the rumen, a greater abundance of oPepT1 mRNA was observed in lambs not receiving the creep diet. It seems likely that a stimulus for development is coming from the non-luminal direction, possibly bloodborne, and may be involved in the ontogenesis of oPepT1. Peptide transport appears to be a physiologically important process in the young lamb and the rumen appears to be involved in the transport of peptides, particularly in nursing lambs.

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Section: Chapter II Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ontogenesis of peptide transport and morphological changes in the ovine gastrointestinal tract

Poole

Wong

McElroy

et al. 2003

Small Ruminant Research

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“…In a low-viscosity medium, the fermentation gases, carbon dioxide and methane, can easily rise and gather in the dorsal RR. Rumen papillae development is stimulated by the presence of volatile fatty acids (in particular, of butyrate) (Warner et al 1956). …”

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The Morphophysiological Adaptations of Browsing and Grazing Mammals

2008

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(2008). The morphophysiological adaptations of browsing and grazing mammals. In: Gordon, I J [et al.]. The ecology of browsing and grazing. Berlin, 47-88. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Gordon, I J [et al.] 2008. The ecology of browsing and grazing. Berlin, 47-88. The morphophysiological adaptations of browsing and grazing mammals AbstractThere has been a continous debate whether there are fundametal morphophysiological differences in the ingestive apparatus (head, teeth) and the digestive tract between browsing and grazing herbivores. A particular characteristic of this debate appears to be that while there is a wealth of publications on such potential differences, the supposed undelying differences between browse and grass have rarely been analysed quantitatively. In this chapter, we first review the actual state of knowledge on those properties of browse and grass that appear relevant for the ingestive and digestive process, and then deduct hypotheses as to how one would assume that browsers and grazers differ due to these characteristics. We address the methodological issues involved in actually testing these hypotheses, with emphasis on the influence of body mass and phylogenetic descent. Finally, we present a literature compilation of statistical tests of differences between the feeding-types. Although in general, the published tests support many hypothesized differences, there is still both a lack of comparative data, and a lack of analyses with phylogenetic control, on different taxonomic levels. However, the published material appears to indicate that convergent evolutionary adaptations of browsing and grazing herbivores to their diet represent a rewarding area of research. The Morphophysiological Adaptations of Browsing and Grazing MammalsMarcus Clauss, Thomas Kaiser, and Jürgen Hummel IntroductionAnimals represent adaptations to particular ecological niches they occupy or once occupied.Studying the correlation between a given set of characteristics of an ecological niche and the morphological and physiological adaptations of organisms to these characteristics is one of the most basic approaches to comparative biology, and has fuelled scientific interest for generations (Gould 2002). However, current scientific standards cannot be met by mere descriptions of both the characteristics of the niche and the organism, and a (hypothetical) intuitive explanation for the adaptive relevance of the latter; the presence or absence of a characteristic must be demonstrated in sound statistical terms (Hagen 2003) 1 ideally supported by experimental data (from in vivo, in vitro, or model assays) on its adaptive relevance.In this chapter, we adopt an approach that first presents the relevant characteristics of the ecological niche of the 'grazer' (GR) and of the 'browser' (BR), outlines hypotheses based on these characteristics, and finally addresses examples where such hypotheses h...

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“…The development of the papillae in the rumen is influenced by the presence of volatile fatty acids resulting from carbohydrate fermentation (MGASA et al, 1994), which in turn are present in greater amounts in animals that consume more solid foods. Previous work from the 50s and 60s highlighted short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric and propionic acid, as the key factors in the development of the ruminal epithelium (WARNER et al, 1956;TAMATE et al, 1962).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the feeding system and breed on the growth performance, biometric features, and ruminal development of feedlot goat kids

Souza¹,

Gomes²,

Marques³

et al. 2016

SCA

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of 2 feeding systems and 5 breeding groups on the growth performance, biometric features, and stomach morphology of feedlot goat kids. The experiment utilized gender as a randomized blocking factor in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme. The study goats were from the Alpine, Anglo-Nubian, 1/2 Boer x Alpine, 3/4 Boer x Alpine, and 7/8 Boer x Alpine breeds. Half of the goats were fed an experimental diet, whereas the other half were given the same diet supplemented with 1.5 L milk daily. The kids were slaughtered after they attained 30 kg body weight. The 1/2 Boer x Alpine goats showed superior growth performance because they exhibiting considerable heterosis. These animals are especially easy to use given that there is no need to maintain cross-bred females (½ Boer x Alpine e ¾ Boer x Alpine) in the flock. Using milk in the feed the animals does not adversely affect growth performance or biometric features. Moreover, it helps to reduce the total weight of the stomach and leads to a 51.39% savings on feed. Dietary supplementation of milk in goat feed is recommended so long as there is excess milk available on the property.

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Ruminant Nutrition, Dietary Factors Influencing Development of Ruminant Stomach

Cited by 217 publications

References 10 publications

Ontogenesis of peptide transport and morphological changes in the ovine gastrointestinal tract

Ontogenesis of peptide transport and morphological changes in the ovine gastrointestinal tract

The Morphophysiological Adaptations of Browsing and Grazing Mammals

Effects of the feeding system and breed on the growth performance, biometric features, and ruminal development of feedlot goat kids

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