Ruminant-Produced trans-Fatty Acids Raise Plasma HDL Particle Concentrations in Intact and Ovariectomized Female Hartley Guinea Pigs

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, and risk for developing CVD increases postmenopause. Consumption of trans-fatty acids (tFA) has been positively associated with CVD incidence and mortality. The current study was designed to assess the effects of diets high in industrially produced (IP)-tFA, from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO), and ruminant-produced (RP)-tFA, from butter oil (BO), on risk factors for CVD. Thirty-two female Hartley guinea pigs, one-half of which were ovariectomized (OVX) to mimic the postmenopausal condition, were fed hypercholesterolemic diets containing 9% by weight PHVO or BO (n = 8/diet and ovariectomy) for 8 wk. The plasma and hepatic lipids did not differ between IP- and RP-tFA groups or between intact and OVX guinea pigs. The BO diet resulted in higher concentrations of plasma total and small HDL particle subclass concentrations than the PHVO diet regardless of ovariectomy status. The intact BO group had higher concentrations of large HDL particles than the intact PHVO group. HDL mean particle size tended to be larger (P = 0.07) in the PHVO groups compared with the BO groups regardless of ovariectomy status. There was a trend toward an interaction between diet and ovariectomy status for LDL mean particle size, which tended to be larger in OVX guinea pigs fed PHVO (P = 0.07). In summary, consumption of IP- and RP-tFA resulted in differential effects on HDL particle subclass profiles in female guinea pigs. The effect of tFA consumption and hormonal status on HDL particle subclass metabolism and the subsequent impact on CVD in females warrants further investigation.

Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…There are two sources of dietary TFA: (i) industrial TFA, which are produced technologically during the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils; and (ii) ruminant TFA, such as vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) that are synthesized by rumen bacteria via the metabolism of MUFA and PUFA ( 7 – 9 ) . Clinical studies have reported that dietary intake of industrial TFA has a deleterious effect on lipoprotein concentrations; however, ruminant TFA may be less detrimental to blood lipid levels than industrial TFA ( 10 ) .…”

Dampak Pemberian Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Ikan dalam Pakan terhadap Kolesterol Darah dan Performa pada Domba

“…Penelitian lain yang dilakukan oleh Almeida (2019) bahwa minyak ikan mengandung asam palmitat (C16:0) yang berfungsi sebagai penyuplai asam vaccenic yang merupakan prekursor utama CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) sebagai penyebab menurunnya kolesterol darah. CLA adalah grup isomer dari asam linoleat yang mempunyai kapasitas untuk melakukan beberapa manfaat terhadap metabolisme, seperti penghambatan lipogenesis, kolesterol darah dan pengurangan insiden kanker, serta perubahan pertumbuhan jaringan otot (Onakpoya et al, 2012;Rice et al, 2012).…”

Effect of Linseed Oil Beads Addition With Vitamin E on Performance, Blood Metabolites and Milk Yield of Lactating Goats

“…Vaccinic acid (C18:1ω7) was increased numerically (p=0.36) in blood plasma (Table 7) and in milk (p= 0.25) (Table 8) with beads supply compared to control goats (1.17 vs. 0.8) in blood and (0.30 vs. 0.22) in milk, respectively indicating an incomplete biohydrogenation by microbial activity (Corl et al, 2001). Also, vaccinic acid is known as the main precursor of conjugate linoleic acid (CLA), which is an isomers group of linoleic acid that has the capacity to perform several metabolic benefits in human as inhibition of lipogenesis, blood cholesterol, cancer incidence reduction and changes in muscle tissues growth (Rice et al, 2012). Almeida et al (2019) found the same trend of the present results with fish oil supplemented to goats and also, oleic acid was increased (P<0.01) in milk in the same group.…”