Rumination, automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes, and thought suppression as transdiagnostic factors in depression and anxiety

Yapan, Saadet; Boysan, Murat

doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01086-4

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“… Whitmer and Gotlib (2013) hypothesize that a narrowing of attention in the context of negative affect can lead to a repetitive focus on negative thoughts, thus exacerbating negative mood states. Depressive rumination has been shown to covary with dysfunctional cognitions ( Yapan et al, 2020 ), and interact with dysfunctional cognitions to predict the onset, number, and duration of future depressive episodes ( Robinson and Alloy, 2003 ). In effect, rumination can enhance the harmful impact of negative schemas and cognitions.…”

Section: Psychological Dimensions Relevant To Amotivation and Anhedoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Dimensions Relevant to Motivation and Pleasure in Schizophrenia

Abram

Weittenhiller

Bertrand

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Motivation and pleasure deficits are common in schizophrenia, strongly linked with poorer functioning, and may reflect underlying alterations in brain functions governing reward processing and goal pursuit. While there is extensive research examining cognitive and reward mechanisms related to these deficits in schizophrenia, less attention has been paid to psychological characteristics that contribute to resilience against, or risk for, motivation and pleasure impairment. For example, psychological tendencies involving positive future expectancies (e.g., optimism) and effective affect management (e.g., reappraisal, mindfulness) are associated with aspects of reward anticipation and evaluation that optimally guide goal-directed behavior. Conversely, maladaptive thinking patterns (e.g., defeatist performance beliefs, asocial beliefs) and tendencies that amplify negative cognitions (e.g., rumination), may divert cognitive resources away from goal pursuit or reduce willingness to exert effort. Additionally, aspects of sociality, including the propensity to experience social connection as positive reinforcement may be particularly relevant for pursuing social goals. In the current review, we discuss the roles of several psychological characteristics with respect to motivation and pleasure in schizophrenia. We argue that individual variation in these psychological dimensions is relevant to the study of motivation and reward processing in schizophrenia, including interactions between these psychological dimensions and more well-characterized cognitive and reward processing contributors to motivation. We close by emphasizing the value of considering a broad set of modulating factors when studying motivation and pleasure functions in schizophrenia.

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Section: Psychological Dimensions Relevant To Amotivation and Anhedoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Dimensions Relevant to Motivation and Pleasure in Schizophrenia

Abram

Weittenhiller

Bertrand

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Concerning secondary outcomes, we indicated that NATs and dysfunctional attitudes decreased, whereas unconditional self-acceptance increased, after the CBT intervention, with comparable improvements in both groups. Previous research found that NATs are correlated with depression and anxiety, representing common characteristics among these disorders ( Yapan et al, 2020 ). In concordance with our findings regarding the involvement of NATs in GAD, it was demonstrated that NATs were positively associated with specific symptoms of anxiety disorders ( Iancu et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Standard CBT versus integrative and multimodal CBT assisted by virtual-reality for generalized anxiety disorder

et al. 2022

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IntroductionGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent emotional disorder associated with increased dysfunctionality, which has a lasting impact on the individual’s quality of life. Besides medication, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) represents the golden standard psychotherapeutic approach for GAD, integrating multilevel techniques and various delivery formats that enable the development of tailored treatment protocols. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of a standard CBT protocol targeting worries, dysfunctional beliefs, and intolerance of uncertainty with an integrative and multimodal CBT intervention augmented with Virtual Reality (VR).Materials and methodsThis study included 66 participants (Mage = 22.53 years; SD = 2.21) with moderate GAD symptoms that were randomized to the standard CBT group (CBTs; N = 32) and the Integrative and Multimodal CBT augmented with VR (IM-VRCBT; N = 34) group. The interventions comprised 10 weekly sessions conducted by trained CBT therapists, including cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, behavioral exposure, and relaxation techniques. Baseline and post-assessments were conducted with both groups. Primary outcome measures included the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Penn-State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) to evaluate the severity of GAD symptoms and worries, respectively. Secondary outcomes involved the administration of Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ).ResultsBoth interventions determined statistically significant effects on both primary and secondary outcomes (ps < 0.001) in the expected direction. However, CBTs was associated with higher effect sizes for anxiety (Cohen’s d = 2.76) and worries (Cohen’s d = 1.85), in contrast to IM-VRCBT. Also, secondary analyses revealed positive correlations between changes in anxiety and worries level and the reduction of dysfunctional cognitive processes.ConclusionThis research emphasized the effectiveness of CBT interventions for treating adults with moderate GAD symptomatology. Specifically, both interventions were efficient for reducing anxiety symptomatology present at individuals with GAD. However, regarding cognitive dysfunctions like worries, the standard CBT protocol performed better, as compared to the IM-VRCBT. In addition, we conclude that VR could be integrated within CBT interventions in a single protocol for GAD treatment.

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“…What has also been unexplored is whether this effect of intentionality interacts with taskrelatedness in modulating momentary affect. Based on previous work implicating unintentional thoughts (characterized by lack of control and not requiring any effort) in mentally distressing rumination (Shigemoto et al, 2017) as well as depression and anxiety (Yapan et al, 2020), we predict that we will observe a main effect of intentionality, such that unintentional thoughts will be related to more negative momentary affect than intentional thoughts. Further, given that questionnaire-based research has found a stronger link between affective dysfunction and unintentional compared to intentional task-unrelated thought (Seli et al, 2019), we also hypothesize an interaction between intentionality and taskrelatedness, such that unintentional task-unrelated thought will be more strongly associated with negative affect than intentional task-unrelated thought.…”

Section: Intentionality Of Thought and Its Association With Affective...mentioning

confidence: 93%

Differential relationships between thought dimensions and momentary affect in daily life

Thiemann

Mills

Kam

2022

Psychological Research

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Commonly used to characterize mind wandering, task-unrelated thought has long been associated with negative affective outcomes. However, less is known about how other thought dimensions including intentionality and freedom of movement interact with task-unrelated thought to modulate momentary affect in everyday life. To address this, we used ecological momentary assessments to prompt participants to report their thought patterns and affective valence five times a day for seven consecutive days. Each assessment asked participants to report on their affective valence as well as several thought dimensions including their task-relatedness, intentionality and freedom of movement. We examined the latter two thought dimensions alone as well as how they interacted with the commonly examined dimension of task-relatedness with respect to their relationship to momentary affect. We replicated the well-established negative relationship between task-unrelated thought and momentary affect. Furthermore, unintentional task-unrelated thought was associated with more negative affect than intentional thought. This pattern was also observed more broadly in thoughts regardless of their task relevance. In contrast, freely moving thought was positively related to momentary affect in general. A significant interaction between task-relatedness and freedom of movement of thought revealed that the commonly reported negative relationship between task-unrelated thought and more negative affect is mitigated by freely moving thought. In summary, our findings indicate that these various thought dimensions have unique relationships with momentary affect, highlighting the importance of accounting for thought dimensions in establishing its affective and possibly other functional consequences.

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Rumination, automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes, and thought suppression as transdiagnostic factors in depression and anxiety

Cited by 23 publications

References 146 publications

Psychological Dimensions Relevant to Motivation and Pleasure in Schizophrenia

Psychological Dimensions Relevant to Motivation and Pleasure in Schizophrenia

Standard CBT versus integrative and multimodal CBT assisted by virtual-reality for generalized anxiety disorder

Differential relationships between thought dimensions and momentary affect in daily life

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