Ruminations as predictors of negative and positive effects of experienced traumatic events in medical rescue workers

Abstract

StreszczenieWstęp: Praca w służbach ratowniczych wiąże się z narażeniem na doświadczenia o charakterze traumatycznym. Celem badań było ustalenie roli procesów poznawczych, ściślej -różnych form ruminacji, jako predyktorów konsekwencji doświadczeń traumatycznych. Materiał i metody: Do udziału w badaniach zakwalifikowano 120 ratowników (80 mężczyzn, 40 kobiet), którzy w związku z pełnieniem obowiązków zawodowych potwierdzili wystąpienie w ostatnich 5 latach przynajmniej jednego zdarzenia traumatycznego. Wiek badanych wynosił 25-61 lat (średnia (mean -M) = 38,07, odchylenie standardowe (standard deviation -SD) = 8,92). W badaniach wykorzystano następujące polskie wersje standaryzowanych narzędzi: Zrewidowaną Skalę Wpływu Zdarzeń (Impact of Event Scale -Revised -IES-R), Inwentarz Potraumatycznego Rozwoju (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory -PTGI) oraz Inwentarz Ruminacji o Negatywnym Zdarzeniu (IRoNZ, Event Related Rumination Inventory -ERRI). Wyniki: Analiza regresji pozwoliła na wyznaczenie 2 predyktorów: ruminacji natrętnych dla zaburzeń po stresie traumatycznym (posttraumatic stress disorder -PTSD) i ruminacji refleksyjnych dla potraumatycznego wzrostu (posttraumatic growth -PTG). Wnioski: Ruminacje pełnią istotną funkcję w występowaniu zarówno negatywnych, jak i pozytywnych następstw doświadczonej traumy. Powiązania PTSD i PTG z odmiennymi formami ruminacji można wykorzystać w terapii, traktując pojawiające się ruminacje intruzywne jako okazję do uruchomienia ruminacji refleksyjnych, które ułatwiają wystąpienie potraumatycznego wzrostu. Med. Pr. 2016;67(2):201-211 Słowa kluczowe: PTSD, trauma, ratownicy medyczni, potraumatyczny wzrost, ruminacje natrętne, ruminacje celowe Abstract Background: Emergency service workers are exposed to experienced traumatic events related to the nature of their work. The study aimed at identifying the role of cognitive processes, namely different forms of ruminations, as predictors of consequences of experienced trauma. Material and Methods: The data on 120 medical rescuers (80 men, 40 women) who had experienced in their worksite at least 1 traumatic event in the last 5 years, were analyzed. The age of the participants ranged from 25 to 61 years (mean (M) = 38.07; standard deviation (SD) = 8.92). The following Polish versions of standardized tools were used: the Impact of Event Scale -Revised (IES-R), the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI). Results: The results of regression analyses indicated 2 significant predictors, intrusive rumination for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and deliberate rumination for posttraumatic growth (PTG). Conclusions: Ruminations play an essential role in the occurrence of negative and positive outcomes of experienced trauma. The associations between PTSD and PTG, with different forms of ruminations, may be used in therapy, treating the appearance of intrusive rumination as an opportunity to turn towards active engagement in deliberate rumination, that facilitates the occurrence of posttraumatic growt...

Relation between resiliency and post-traumatic growth in a group of paramedics: The mediating role of coping strategies

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Prevalence and predictors of secondary traumatic stress symptoms in health care professionals working with trauma victims: A cross-sectional study

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“…Taking into account the assumptions of above models and studies conducted in the field of secondary trauma [ 13 , 31 , 32 ], it can be pointed out that special attention is focused on factors connected with work environment including occupational load, job satisfaction, social support as well as individual characteristic including cognitive trauma processing skills.…”

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“…W badaniu psychologicznym zastosowano wywiad, MINI-MENTAL -Krótką Skalę Oceny Stanu Umysłowego (Mini-Mental State Examination -MMSE) [7], Zrewidowaną Skalę Wpływu Zdarzeń (Impact Event ScaleRevised -IES-R) Weissa i Marmara [8,9] zaadaptowaną do potrzeb badania (pytano o objawy w ostatnim miesiącu), Kwestionariusz Rozwoju Potraumatycznego (Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory -PTGI) Tedeschiego i Calhouna [10] oraz Kwestionariusz Ogólne-go Stanu Zdrowia w wersji 28-pytaniowej (General Health Questionnaire 28 item-scaled version -GHQ-28) Goldberga [11].…”