Running has a negative effect on bone metabolism and proinflammatory status in male aged rats

Sipos, Wolfgang; Rauner, Martina; Skalicky, Monika; Viidik, Andrus; Hofbauer, Günther F.L.; Schett, Georg; Redlich, Kurt; Lang, Susanna; Pietschmann, Péter

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2008.03.008

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The rat model of exercise has been used extensively to study the physiological effects of physical activity using such exercise modalities as swimming (24, 32), running (20,29,41,49,52), jumping (57), tower climbing (43), rising to an erect bipedal stance (11, 64), and weight lifting (62). The effects of exercise on bone have been widely characterized in the rat.…”

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confidence: 99%

Short-term voluntary exercise in the rat causes bone modeling without initiating a physiological stress response

Rosa¹,

Firth²,

Blair³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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research has revealed a neuroendocrine connection between the skeleton and metabolism. Exercise alters both bone modeling and energy balance and may be useful in further developing our understanding of this complex interplay. However, research in this field requires an animal model of exercise that does not cause a physiological stress response in the exercised subjects. In this study, we develop a model of short-term voluntary exercise in the female rat that causes bone modeling without causing stress. Rats were randomly assigned to one of three age-matched groups: control, tower climbing, and squat exercise (rising to an erect bipedal stance). Exercise for 21 days resulted in bone modeling as assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Fecal corticosterone output was used to assess physiological stress at three time points during the study (preexercise, early exercise, and late in the exercise period). There were no differences in fecal corticosterone levels between groups or time points. This model of voluntary exercise in the rat will be useful for future studies of the influence of exercise on the relationship between skeletal and metabolic health and may be appropriate for investigation of the developmental origins of those effects. computed tomography; corticosterone; exercise; metabolism; stress RECENT ADVANCES IN OUR UNDERSTANDING of the dynamic relationship between body structure and metabolism have revealed a neuroendocrine connection between bone remodeling and energy balance, with both bone and fat acting as endocrine organs (14). The osteoblast-specific protein osteocalcin regulates glucose handling through effects on insulin secretion and sensitivity (33). This action is in turn mediated by the adipokine leptin, which inhibits insulin secretion through direct effects on pancreatic ␤-cells (18) and through inhibition of osteocalcin activity (25). The interplay between bone and metabolism has recently been further elucidated by the discovery that the Forkhead family transcription factor FoxO1, a key regulator of insulin handling in multiple tissues, also acts within the osteoblast to control osteocalcin expression and bioactivity (46).Exercise stimulates modeling of the musculoskeletal system (19, 55, 65), alters metabolism (40), and enhances brain function (17), and thus exercise provides an excellent means of exploring the neuroendocrine connection between bone, fat, and energy balance. The rat model of exercise has been used extensively to study the physiological effects of physical activity using such exercise modalities as swimming (24, 32), running (20,29,41,49,52), jumping (57), tower climbing (43), rising to an erect bipedal stance (11, 64), and weight lifting (62). The effects of exercise on bone have been widely characterized in the rat. Ovariectomized rats undergo changes in bone structure that are nearly identical to those seen in human osteoporosis (28,42), and these animals have proven useful for the study of exercise interventions in osteoporosis treatment (36).In examini...

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confidence: 99%

Short-term voluntary exercise in the rat causes bone modeling without initiating a physiological stress response

Rosa¹,

Firth²,

Blair³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Data obtained in this model and humans as well indicate that in males-in contrast to females-osteoblast insufficiency is crucial for the pathogenesis of age related osteoporosis. Moreover, the influence of physical exercise on bone metabolism, bone structure and cytokine production in aged male rats was determined (Sipos et al 2008). When compared to sedentary animals, bone resorption and inflammation markers were increases in aged rats allowed voluntary running, indicating that running has a negative effect on bone metabolism and proinflammatory status Pietschmann et al 2007.…”

Section: Salzburgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogerontology in Austria

et al. 2010

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In Austria significant progress in the field of biogerontology has been achieved in the past years. Biogerontological research is performed in academic and extramural institutions. The Institute for Biomedical Aging Research of the Austrian Academy of Science at Innsbruck is the largest institution dealing with biogerontology in Austria. Moreover, gerontologic research is performed at the Universities of Salzburg and Graz, the Medical Universities of Vienna, Innsbruck and Graz, the University of Veterinary Medicine (Vienna) and the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (Vienna). This article describes the work of selected research groups involved in biogerontology in a geographic arrangement.

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“…It is thought that the mechanical stress caused by exercise promotes the differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts by an increase in signaling through the PTH-related peptide receptor 37) . In this way, bone formation by osteoblasts is promoted by mechanical loading; yet, on the other hand, there are reports that TRAP reaction-positive cells increase by exercise 9,10) .…”

Section: Effects Of Mechanical Stress On Bone Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is supposed that the increase and activation of osteoclasts is promoted at least in the initial stage of exercise, considering our experimental data described above. Therefore, it is thought that the production of membrane-bound RANKL is raised through an increase in mechanical stress by exercise, and this causes an increase in TRAP reaction-positive cells 9,10,41,42) .…”

Section: Effects Of Mechanical Stress On Bone Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, osteoblasts are activated by an increase in mechanical stress, and bone formation is promoted. However, it is also reported that, with exercise, cells showing a positive reaction to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) increase and cause bone resorption 9,10) . Thus, an agreed opinion on such reactions to mechanical stress has yet to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of bone structural changes by growth and mechanical stress in growing rats

Ohsako

Morita

Inoue

et al. 2014

JPFSM

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Cortical bone is porous in infants but compacts with growth. In that process, circumferential lamellae are formed on the endosteum (inner) side of cortical bone first, and also the periosteum (exterior) side, after that. A mature rat shows higher bone strength per unit area of the cortical bone, and this means that not only an increase in the bone mass, but also improvement of the bone structure contributes to enhancing the bone strength. External morphology of the bone hardly changes by immobilization, but the thickness of the cortical bone decreases, and disorder of the running direction of the blood vessels in the cortical bone also occurs. Bone formation and resorption are caused simultaneously at the early stage of an exercise period, and it is supposed that factors embedded in the bone matrix beforehand are released into bone marrow by exercise, differentiating and activating the osteoblasts. Thus, it is thought that bone adapted to mechanical stress is formed by repeating active remodeling in the growing period.

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Running has a negative effect on bone metabolism and proinflammatory status in male aged rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Short-term voluntary exercise in the rat causes bone modeling without initiating a physiological stress response

Short-term voluntary exercise in the rat causes bone modeling without initiating a physiological stress response

Biogerontology in Austria

Characteristics of bone structural changes by growth and mechanical stress in growing rats

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