Running to stand still: The application of substandard OECMs in national and provincial policy in Canada

Lemieux, Christopher J.; Kraus, Daniel; Beazley, Karen F.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109780

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Similar questions have been raised about forest management areas in Canada, which allow commercial and industrial activities (Ball & Nixon, 2022). Formally recognizing these areas sets a precedent for failing to comply with existing guidelines, and their recognition could have wider implications for potential OECMs with a history of resource extraction, normalizing OECMs that do not meet the required standard (Lemieux et al., 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inclusion of areas that have experienced habitat degradation as a result of industrial-scale resource extraction has been controversial (Lemieux et al, 2019(Lemieux et al, , 2022. These issues were raised in relation to Canada's interpretation that OECMs include limited fisheries closures, now called marine refuges (DFO, 2016).…”

Section: Advancing Understanding About How To Recognize Oecmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress developing the concept of other effective area‐based conservation measures

Cook

2023

Conservation Biology

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In 2010, the introduction of other effective area‐based conservation measures (OECMs) into international policy caused a paradigm shift in area‐based conservation, which included consideration of areas outside formal protected areas and places where biodiversity conservation may not be a management objective for the site. Despite the importance of this shift for global conservation, conservation science and policy have been slow to engage with the concept of OECMs. As the world moves toward protecting 30% of the Earth by 2030, it is imperative to develop evidence‐based guidance for how to identify effective conservation measures, especially tools to help evaluate and monitor the biodiversity outcomes associated with potential OECMs. To understand the current progress in developing the concept of OECMs, I evaluated the peer‐reviewed literature to consolidate and synthesize current knowledge. I conducted a thematic analysis of papers to identify the types of challenges and opportunities being discussed and lessons from studies evaluating the effectiveness of OECMs. Only 105 studies mentioned OECMs, and those that did rarely move beyond superficial mention of OECMs as part of area‐based conservation. Around one‐half of studies listed potential risks or benefits of OECMs but none provided evidence these issues have materialized. Twenty‐three studies attempted to identify potential OECMs, although specific case studies were rare. The 7 studies that evaluated existing OECMs were highly critical of how they had been implemented to date. Studies that evaluated conservation outcomes were extremely rare, and suggested effectiveness must be judged on a case‐by‐case basis. The current literature not only leaves many gaps in the science required to operationalize the concept of OECMs, but also often raises additional questions that need to be addressed. If these gaps are not filled by robust science, the promised benefits for biodiversity from OECMs may never be realized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advancing Understanding About How To Recognize Oecmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress developing the concept of other effective area‐based conservation measures

Cook

2023

Conservation Biology

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“…The inclusion of OECMs in both Aichi Target 11 and GBF Target 3 extends the boundaries of the field frame beyond traditional MPAs to include conservation undertaken by IPLCs, but it also pulls fisheries (back) into the frame. The ongoing contestation regarding whether and how fisheries management areas should be designated as OECMs (Garcia et al, 2022;Lemieux et al, 2022) reinforces the importance of this issue for field bounding.…”

Section: Defining Mpas and Their Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Configuring the field of global marine biodiversity conservation

Campbell,

Gruby,

Gray

2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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IntroductionThe article describes and analyzes the emergence of the field of global marine biodiversity conservation over the past fifteen years. We draw on collaborative research at international meetings, which we position as ‘field’ sites, places where diverse actors come together to negotiate the meaning and terms of global environmental governance and where that work is accessible and visible to researchers.MethodsBased on Collaborative Event Ethnography (CEE), a method developed to facilitate study of large meetings, we mobilize research from seven meetings since 2008 to describe the field of global marine biodiversity conservation, but more importantly to specifying how that field has been configured.ResultsWe identify practices of orchestration, narrative, performance, alliance, social objects, devices, and technologies, formal outcomes, and formal procedures, and their use at three phases of field configuration: building, framing, and bounding.DiscussionThe results: 1) enhance our understanding of the role of international conferences in global environmental governance generally, and for marine biodiversity conservation specifically; 2) demonstrate the relevance of field and field configuration theory; 3) contribute to theory on institutional fields by specifying practices of field configuration.

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“…Current PAs insufficiently cover existing biodiversity hotspots (WWF et al., 2021), and many mammal populations threatened with extinction reside outside these areas (Li et al., 2020; Pacifici et al., 2020). PAs have not achieved the anticipated goals of halting or reversing wildlife and ecosystem decline (Diaz et al., 2019; Geldmann et al., 2019; Lemieux et al., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a protected area network in Xinlong with other effective area‐based conservation measures

Chen,

Tian,

Pan

et al. 2024

Conservation Biology

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Protected areas (PAs) are pivotal to biodiversity conservation, yet their efficacy is compromised by insufficient funding and management. So‐called other effective area‐based conservation measures (OECMs) present a paradigm shift and address PA limitations. Such measures can expand conservation areas, enhance connectivity, and improve the existing system. To assess the conservation status of biodiversity in Tibetan cultural areas in China, we investigated the spatial distribution of wildlife vulnerable to human disturbance (large‐ and medium‐sized mammals and terrestrial birds) in Xinlong, a traditional Tibetan cultural area. In particular, we compared a PA (Xionglongxi Nature Reserve) and OECMs targeting species conservation. We also investigated the relationship of wildlife with human temporal and spatial activities. The OECMs complemented areas not covered by PA, especially in rich understory biodiversity regions. More species in OECMs tolerated human presence than species in the PA. Existing biodiversity reserves failed to cover areas of high conservation value in Tibet and offered limited protection capacity. Expanding PAs and identifying OECMs improved Xinlong's system by covering most biodiversity hotspots. Building on the tradition of wildlife conservation in Tibet, harnessing OECMs may be an effective means of augmenting biodiversity conservation capacity. We recommend further evaluation of OECMs effectiveness and coverage in Tibetan area as a way to enhance the current PA system.

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Running to stand still: The application of substandard OECMs in national and provincial policy in Canada

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Progress developing the concept of other effective area‐based conservation measures

Progress developing the concept of other effective area‐based conservation measures

Configuring the field of global marine biodiversity conservation

Establishing a protected area network in Xinlong with other effective area‐based conservation measures

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