Running Velocity and Longitudinal Bending Stiffness Influence the Asymmetry of Kinematic Variables of the Lower Limb Joints

Liu, Qian; Chen, Hairong; Song, Yang; Alla, Nykytiuk; Fekete, Gusztáv; Li, Jianpeng; Gu, Yaodong

doi:10.3390/bioengineering9110607

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, other studies demonstrated two-to-three times larger deviations from symmetry (i.e., for peak force) during braking as opposed to push-off phases during the completion of repeated treadmill sprints [18,19] and for a range of low-to-high constant velocities [9]. The present study did not measure compensatory strategies at increasing belt speeds, which may have magnified some lower-limb kinematic variables while reducing others [13], potentially resulting in preserved SA scores for the analyzed gait variables. To further support our findings, additional studies examining joint kinematics and incorporating specific gait metrics, such as moments, angles, and velocities, are warranted.…”

Section: Asymmetry Is Metric-dependentcontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…However, some evidence shows that competitive runners exhibit more symmetrical running at fast velocities for certain mechanical parameters (e.g., flight time and mean vertical loading rate) but not for most of them [11]. A limitation of these studies is that they typically consider a narrow range of running velocities (e.g., 8-12 km•h −1 [12], 10-14 km•h −1 [13], or 11-14 km•h −1 [10]). By evaluating mechanical asymmetry across a wide spectrum of running velocities, we can gain further insight into how manipulating belt speed influences GRF asymmetry during treadmill runs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Asymmetries during Treadmill Running: Effects of Running Velocity and Hypoxic Exposure

et al. 2023

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Studies evaluating mechanical asymmetry across a range of running velocities during treadmill runs have yielded inconsistent findings, while the impact of additional hypoxic exposure has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of manipulating running velocity and hypoxic exposure on gait asymmetry during treadmill running. Eleven trained individuals performed seven runs at different velocities (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 km·h−1) in a randomized order, each lasting 45 s. The running took place on an instrumented treadmill for normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%), moderate hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.1%), high hypoxia (FiO2 = 14.1%), and severe hypoxia (FiO2 = 13.0%). Vertical and antero-posterior ground reaction force recordings over 20 consecutive steps (i.e., after running ∼25 s) allowed the measurement of running mechanics. Lower-limb asymmetry was assessed from the ‘symmetry angle’ (SA) score. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (seven velocities × four conditions) was used. There was no significant difference in SA scores for any of the biomechanical variables for velocity (except contact time and braking phase duration; p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively), condition, or interaction. Mean SA scores varied between ∼1% and 2% for contact time (1.5 ± 0.8%), flight time (1.6 ± 0.6%), step length (0.8 ± 0.2%), peak vertical force (1.2 ± 0.5%), and mean vertical loading rate (2.1 ± 1.0%). Mean SA scores ranged from ∼2% to 5% for duration of braking (1.6 ± 0.7%) and push-off phases (1.9 ± 0.6%), as well as peak braking (5.0 ± 1.9%) and push-off forces (4.8 ± 1.7%). In conclusion, the trained runners exhibited relatively even strides, with mechanical asymmetries remaining low-to-moderate across a range of submaximal, constant running velocities (ranging from 8 to 20 km·h−1) and varying levels of hypoxia severity (between normoxia and severe hypoxia).

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Section: Asymmetry Is Metric-dependentcontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Asymmetries during Treadmill Running: Effects of Running Velocity and Hypoxic Exposure

et al. 2023

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“…The symmetry coefficient (α) of left and right leg muscles at each weight-bearing step, which can reveal the asymmetry of left and right limb motor function [73].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Assessing the Motor Coordination of Runners Based on the Analysis of Multichannel EMGs

Sun

2023

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the motor coordination of runners based on the analysis of amplitude and spatiotemporal dynamics of multichannel electromyography. A new diagnostic index for the coordination of runners was proposed, including the amplitude of electromyography, the spatiotemporal stability coefficient, and the symmetry coefficient of muscle force. The motor coordination of 13 professional runners was studied. Detailed anthropometric information was recorded about the professional runners. It has been found that professional athletes are characterized by the stability of movement repetition (more than 83%) and the high degree of symmetry of muscle efforts of the left and right legs (more than 81%) regardless of the changes in load during running at a speed of 8–12 km/hr. Scientific and technological means can support the scientific training of athletes. The end of the Winter Olympic Games has shown us the powerful power of a series of intelligent scientific equipment, including electro-magnetic gun, in sports training. We also look forward to the continuous innovation of these advanced technologies, which will contribute to the intelligent development of sports scientific research.

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“…Furthermore, participants wore their own running shoes during testing, which could be confounding our results. Given that differences in footwear characteristics can underpin differences in running biomechanics [58][59][60][61][62], using a standardized shoe might have led to different study outcomes in terms of running biomechanics. Nonetheless, recreational runners are more comfortable wearing their own shoes [63], and show individual responses to novel footwear [63,64] and cushioning properties [65].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Mind to move: Differences in running biomechanics between sensing and intuition shod runners

Gindre,

Patoz,

Breine

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Delving into the complexities of embodied cognition unveils the intertwined influence of mind, body, and environment. The connection of physical activity with cognition sparks a hypothesis linking motion and personality traits. Hence, this study explored whether personality traits could be linked to biomechanical variables characterizing running forms. To do so, 80 runners completed three randomized 50-m running-trials at 3.3, 4.2, and 5m/s during which their running biomechanics [ground contact time (tc), flight time (tf), duty factor (DF), step frequency (SF), leg stiffness (kleg), maximal vertical ground reaction force (Fmax), and maximal leg compression of the spring during stance (ΔL)] was evaluated. In addition, participants’ personality traits were assessed through the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. The MBTI classifies personality traits into one of two possible categories along four axes: extraversion-introversion; sensing-intuition; thinking-feeling; and judging-perceiving. This exploratory study offers compelling evidence that personality traits, specifically sensing and intuition, are associated with distinct running biomechanics. Individuals classified as sensing demonstrated a more grounded running style characterized by prolonged tc, shorter tf, higher DF, and greater ΔL compared to intuition individuals (p≤0.02). Conversely, intuition runners exhibited a more dynamic and elastic running style with a shorter tc and higher kleg than their sensing counterparts (p≤0.02). Post-hoc tests revealed a significant difference in tc between intuition and sensing runners at all speeds (p≤0.02). According to the definition of each category provided by the MBTI, sensing individuals tend to focus on concrete facts and physical realities while intuition individuals emphasize abstract concepts and patterns of information. These results suggest that runners with sensing and intuition personality traits differ in their ability to use their lower limb structures as springs. Intuition runners appeared to rely more in the stretch-shortening cycle to energetically optimize their running style while sensing runners seemed to optimize running economy by promoting more forward progression than vertical oscillations. This study underscores the intriguing interplay between personality traits of individuals and their preferred movement patterns.

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Running Velocity and Longitudinal Bending Stiffness Influence the Asymmetry of Kinematic Variables of the Lower Limb Joints

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Mechanical Asymmetries during Treadmill Running: Effects of Running Velocity and Hypoxic Exposure

Mechanical Asymmetries during Treadmill Running: Effects of Running Velocity and Hypoxic Exposure

Method for Assessing the Motor Coordination of Runners Based on the Analysis of Multichannel EMGs

Mind to move: Differences in running biomechanics between sensing and intuition shod runners

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