Runoff and Sediment Losses from Natural and Man‐Made Erosion Control Materials

Krenitsky, E. C.; Carroll, Mark J.; Hill, Robert L.; Krouse, J. M.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800040026x

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…As noted for Experiment 1, our runoff time was longer and sediment loss was lower than observed in other studies [26] [27] probably due to small slopes in our study.…”

Section: Experiments 2 321 Rainfall Simulationsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Compost Improves Urban Soil and Water Quality

Logsdon¹,

Sauer²,

Shipitalo³

2017

JWARP

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Construction in urban zones compacts the soil, which hinders root growth and infiltration and may increase erosion and degrade water quality. The purpose of our study was to determine whether planting prairie grasses and adding compost to urban soils should partially mitigate these concerns. We simulated construction activities by removing the topsoil, and compacting the soil by repeatedly driving over it with a tractor. Additionally, treatments included three compost application methods (compost and aeration, rototill and compost, surface compost). Plots were subjected to simulated rainfall applied using overhead sprinklers at a rate of 65 or 72 mm•h ) compared to plots planted with bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). A 5 to 7.5 cm thick compost blanket reduced time to runoff (60 min) compared to no compost addition (9 min). Topsoil addition without compost did not develop dark surface soil. Compost additions are recommended to reduce negative effects of urban compaction. Over time, the depth of compost additions decreased, necessitating further additions.

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“…As noted for Experiment 1, our runoff time was longer and sediment loss was lower than observed in other studies [26] [27] probably due to small slopes in our study.…”

Section: Experiments 2 321 Rainfall Simulationsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Time to runoff for grass generally ranges from 2 to 15 min [26] [27]. Sediment loss from grass can range from 10 to 180 kg·ha −1 over 35 min [26], or from 0.1 to 104 kg·ha −1 per event of 12 to 30 min duration [28].…”

Section: Second Rainfall Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compost Improves Urban Soil and Water Quality

Logsdon¹,

Sauer²,

Shipitalo³

2017

JWARP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That site also had no sediment loss in the third year, whereas all other sites had some sediment loss. Time to runoff was generally lower than most values (2 to 78 min) in the literature [30,32,33].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Improved or Unimproved Urban Areas Effect on Soil and Water Quality

Logsdon

Sauer²

2017

Water

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Construction in urban areas usually results in compacted soil, which restricts plant growth and infiltration. Nutrients may be lost in storm runoff water and sediment. The purpose of this study was to determine if existing lawns benefit from aeration and surface compost additions without the negative impact of nutrient loss in runoff. Four sets of lawns were compared, with or without compost plus aeration, as a paired comparison. Surface bulk density was significantly reduced in the treated lawns (1.32 versus 1.42 Mg·m −3 ). Visual evaluation of soil structure showed improvement in the treated lawns. Of fifteen measurement dates over four years, four dates showed significantly higher surface soil water contents in the treated lawns compared with the untreated lawns. When compared over time, three of the four treated lawns had significantly higher soil water content than the untreated lawns. Nutrient concentrations in rainfall simulator runoff were not significantly different between treated and control lawns, which showed that compost did not negatively impact water quality. Compost and aeration helped restore soil quality for urban soils of recent construction.

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“…Similarly, Hytiris et al (2001) documented the case of a poorly secured synthetic geomat on a flume bed detaching, and this induced increased velocity in the boundary region. In a rainfall simulation study, Krenitsky et al (1998) found that an OW coir product (DeKoWe-700 similar to one of the RECSs tested in this study, i.e. 705 g m 2 ) was less effective than a jute or excelsior system.…”

Section: Index Property Differences Between Rolled System Groupsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Hillslope runoff and erosion as affected by rolled erosion control systems: a field study

Sutherland

Ziegler

2006

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:A replicated field study using rainfall simulation and overland flow application was conducted in central Oahu, Hawaii, on a clay-dominated Oxisol with a 9% slope. Three main treatment groups were examined: a bare treatment, a group of four rolled erosion control systems (RECSs) with open weave designs, and a group of five randomly oriented fibre RECSs. A total of 1122 measurements of runoff and erosion were made to examine treatment differences and to explore temporal patterns in runoff and sediment flux.All erosion control systems significantly delayed the time required to generate plot runoff under both simulated rainfall (35 mm h 1 ) and the more intense trickle flow application (114 mm h 1 ). Once runoff was generated during the rainfall application phase, the bare treatment runoff coefficients were significantly lower than those from the two groups of RECSs, as surface seal disruption by rilling is inferred to have enhanced infiltration in the bare treatments. During the more intense phase of overland flow application, the reverse pattern was observed. Interrill contributing-area roughness was reduced on the bare treatment, facilitating increased runoff to well-developed rill networks. Meanwhile, the form roughness associated with the RECSs delayed interrill flow to the poorly organized rills that formed under some of the RECSs.Regardless of runoff variations between treatments, sediment output was significantly lower from all surfaces covered by RECSs. The median cumulative sediment output from the bare surfaces was 6Ð9 kg, compared with 1Ð2 kg from the open-weave RECSs and 0Ð2 kg from the random-fibre RECSs. The random-fibre systems were particularly effective under the more stressful overland flow application phase, with 63 times less sediment eroded than the bare treatments and 12 times less than that from the open-weave systems. Architectural design differences between the two groups of RECSs are discussed in light of their relation to erosion process dynamics and shear stress partitioning.

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Runoff and Sediment Losses from Natural and Man‐Made Erosion Control Materials

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Compost Improves Urban Soil and Water Quality

Compost Improves Urban Soil and Water Quality

Improved or Unimproved Urban Areas Effect on Soil and Water Quality

Hillslope runoff and erosion as affected by rolled erosion control systems: a field study

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