Runoff generation in a hypermaritime bog-forest upland

Gibson, J. J.; Price, Jonathan S.; Aravena, Ramón; Fitzgerald, Dan; Maloney, D.

doi:10.1002/1099-1085(20001030)14:15<2711::aid-hyp88>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…ca/dataset/f358a53b-ffde-4830-a325-a5a03ff672c3). Previous work in the hypermaritime CTR showed that DOC concentrations are high in small streams and tend to increase during rain events (Gibson et al, 2000;Fitzgerald et al, 2003;Emili and Price, 2013). Taken together, these conditions should be expected to generate high yields and fluxes of DOC from hypermaritime watersheds to the coastal ocean.…”

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confidence: 85%

“…Frequent, high-intensity precipitation events and short residence times are expected to result in pulsed exports of stream DOC that are rapidly shunted downstream, thus reducing time for instream processing (Raymond et al, 2016). Flashy stream hydrographs indicate that hydrologic response times for Calvert and Hecate island watersheds are rapid, presumably as a result of small catchment size, high drainage density, and relatively shallow soils with high hydraulic conductivity (Gibson et al, 2000;Fitzgerald et al, 2003). Rapid runoff is presumably accompanied by rapid increases in water tables and lateral movement of water through shallow soil layers rich in organic matter (Fellman et al, 2009b;D'Amore et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Doc and Dom Export: Sources And Seasonal Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A global hotspot for dissolved organic carbon in hypermaritime watersheds of coastal British Columbia

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The perhumid region of the coastal temperate rainforest (CTR) of Pacific North America is one of the wettest places on Earth and contains numerous small catchments that discharge freshwater and high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) directly to the coastal ocean. However, empirical data on the flux and composition of DOC exported from these watersheds are scarce. We established monitoring stations at the outlets of seven catchments on Calvert and Hecate islands, British Columbia, which represent the rain-dominated hypermaritime region of the perhumid CTR. Over several years, we measured stream discharge, stream water DOC concentration, and stream water dissolved organic-matter (DOM) composition. Discharge and DOC concentrations were used to calculate DOC fluxes and yields, and DOM composition was characterized using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The areal estimate of annual DOC yield in water year 2015 was 33.3 Mg C km −2 yr −1 , with individual watersheds ranging from an average of 24.1 to 37.7 Mg C km −2 yr −1 . This represents some of the highest DOC yields to be measured at the coastal margin. We observed seasonality in the quantity and composition of exports, with the majority of DOC export occurring during the extended wet period (September-April). Stream flow from catchments reacted quickly to rain inputs, resulting in rapid export of relatively fresh, highly terrestrial-like DOM. DOC concentration and measures of DOM composition were related to stream discharge and stream temperature and correlated with watershed attributes, including the extent of lakes and wetlands, and the thickness of organic and mineral soil horizons. Our discovery of high DOC yields from these small catchments in the CTR is especially compelling as they deliver relatively fresh, highly terrestrial organic matter directly to the coastal ocean. Hypermaritime landscapes are common on the British Columbia coast, suggesting that this coastal margin may play an important role in the regional processing of carbon and in linking terrestrial carbon to marine ecosystems.

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confidence: 85%

Section: Doc and Dom Export: Sources And Seasonal Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A global hotspot for dissolved organic carbon in hypermaritime watersheds of coastal British Columbia

et al. 2017

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“…However, recent findings about kinetic fractionation in the water pools and tracks of an extended drainage network in a raised bog within the Bruntland Burn showed that evaporation can have a fractionating effect on the stable isotopes of peatland waters, despite the relatively low energy available (Sprenger et al, 2017b). While such isotopic fractionation of open waters in peatlands of the northern latitude were found by others (Carrer et al, 2016;Gibson et al, 2000;Isokangas et al, 2017), the potential fractionation dynamics of the water in the upper soil layer in these cold regions have not previously been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Soil water stable isotopes reveal evaporation dynamics at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface of the critical zone

Sprenger

Tetzlaff

Soulsby

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

172

165

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Abstract. Understanding the influence of vegetation on water storage and flux in the upper soil is crucial in assessing the consequences of climate and land use change. We sampled the upper 20 cm of podzolic soils at 5 cm intervals in four sites differing in their vegetation (Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and heather (Calluna sp. and Erica Sp)) and aspect. The sites were located within the Bruntland Burn longterm experimental catchment in the Scottish Highlands, a low energy, wet environment. Sampling took place on 11 occasions between September 2015 and September 2016 to capture seasonal variability in isotope dynamics. The pore waters of soil samples were analyzed for their isotopic composition (δ 2 H and δ 18 O) with the direct-equilibration method. Our results show that the soil waters in the top soil are, despite the low potential evaporation rates in such northern latitudes, kinetically fractionated compared to the precipitation input throughout the year. This fractionation signal decreases within the upper 15 cm resulting in the top 5 cm being isotopically differentiated to the soil at 15-20 cm soil depth. There are significant differences in the fractionation signal between soils beneath heather and soils beneath Scots pine, with the latter being more pronounced. But again, this difference diminishes within the upper 15 cm of soil. The enrichment in heavy isotopes in the topsoil follows a seasonal hysteresis pattern, indicating a lag time between the fractionation signal in the soil and the increase/decrease of soil evaporation in spring/autumn. Based on the kinetic enrichment of the soil water isotopes, we estimated the soil evaporation losses to be about 5 and 10 % of the infiltrating water for soils beneath heather and Scots pine, respectively. The high sampling frequency in time (monthly) and depth (5 cm intervals) revealed high temporal and spatial variability of the isotopic composition of soil waters, which can be critical, when using stable isotopes as tracers to assess plant water uptake patterns within the critical zone or applying them to calibrate traceraided hydrological models either at the plot to the catchment scale.

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“…The hydrology of mires is rather complex and different theories exist on their role in runoff generation (Kløve and Bengtsson, 1999). Based on the water balance equation, the runoff from mires depending on the rate and magnitude of inputs, and the efficacy of storage, usually involving an interaction of surface and shallow groundwater (Gibson et al, 2000). Depending on external water source being either from rain or also from groundwater, mires are traditionally classified into bogs and fens, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing sources of summer streamflow in boreal headwaters using isotopic signatures and water geochemical components

Kværner

Kløve

2006

Journal of Hydrology

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Runoff generation in a hypermaritime bog-forest upland

Cited by 52 publications

References 19 publications

A global hotspot for dissolved organic carbon in hypermaritime watersheds of coastal British Columbia

A global hotspot for dissolved organic carbon in hypermaritime watersheds of coastal British Columbia

Soil water stable isotopes reveal evaporation dynamics at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface of the critical zone

Tracing sources of summer streamflow in boreal headwaters using isotopic signatures and water geochemical components

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