Runoff of copper and zinc caused by atmospheric corrosion

Abstract

Runoff and total corrosion loss for copper and zinc were investigated at seven sites in Switzerland. The exposure sites were chosen near the stations of the National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL), where climatic and air pollution data are measured. Runoff and corrosion rates were investigated after 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 years of exposure. Runoff rates differ from corrosion rates depending on the material, the exposure time and the sampling site.

Long-term use of galvanized steel in external applications. Aspects of patina formation, zinc runoff, barrier properties of surface treatments, and coatings and environmental fate

“…Its predominance at atmospheric conditions is in agreement with previous literature findings ( Leuenberger-Minger et al 2002;Odnevall and Leygraf 1994c). Observed infrared bands correlated well with a reference sample of the mineral and to literature findings on hydrozincite (Bucca et al 2009;Hales and Frost 2007;Stoilova et al 2002).…”

“…Several studies in different atmospheric environments (urban, marine, and industrial) conducted from 1 to 5 years of exposure have shown the annual runoff rate of zinc to be substantially lower than corresponding corrosion rate (Faller and Reiss 2005;He et al 2001a;Lehmann 1995;Leuenberger-Minger et al 2002;Odnevall Wallinder et al 1998;Sandberg et al 2007 Verbiest et al 1997). However, during single rain episodes, the runoff rate is highly time dependent and can be significantly higher than corresponding corrosion rates (He et al 2001b).…”

“…This may be explained by a shorter exposure period and a site characterized by a significantly higher annual rainfall quantity (1,046 mm year −1 ) and slightly higher SO 2 concentrations (4-7 μg m −3 ) compared to the Stockholm site of this study. Average annual zinc runoff rates between 2.9 to 5.7 g m −2 year −1 have been reported for zinc sheet exposed during 4 years at eight different urban sites in Switzerland with SO 2 levels ranging between 1.4 to 10 μg m −3 (Leuenberger-Minger et al 2002).…”

Formation, Retention, and Loss of the Metals Atmospheric Corrosion Products. 1. The Integral Weight Model of the Products Formed

“…The dissolution of copper and zinc corrosion products and their carry-over with rainwater was studied in [2][3][4][5]. Total carry-over of the products for 4 years was estimated in the thickness units as 0.2-0.8 µ m for copper and 1.8-5.6 µ m for zinc [3].…”

“…Total carry-over of the products for 4 years was estimated in the thickness units as 0.2-0.8 µ m for copper and 1.8-5.6 µ m for zinc [3]. In addition, the effect of the rainwater pH and volume and rain intensity, as well as the duration of the dry periods between rains, on the product carry-over from a copper surface were studied on the laboratory scale.…”