Runout lengths of sturzstroms: The control of initial conditions and of fragment dynamics

Kilburn, Christopher R. J.; Sorensen, Søren-Aksel

doi:10.1029/98jb01074

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Special attention must be paid to the relation between sediment volume and runout distance, as in other experimental or simulated studies (Scheidegger, 1973;Benda and Cundy, 1990;Okura et al, 2000). Kilburn and Sorensen (1998) note that, in sturtzstroms, the distance of runout lengths are proportional to the square root of their volume. This is mainly due to the fact that there is a negative correlation between the friction coefficient of the mass movement and its volume (Straub, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debris flow characteristics and relationships in the Central Spanish Pyrenees

Lorente

Beguerı́a

Bathurst

et al. 2003

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Unconfined debris flows (i.e. not in incised channels) are one of the most active geomorphic processes in mountainous areas. Since they can threaten settlements and infrastructure, statistical and physically based procedures have been developed to assess the potential for landslide erosion. In this study, information on debris flow characteristics was obtained in the field to define the debris flow runout distance and to establish relationships between debris flow parameters. Such relationships are needed for building models which allow us to improve the spatial prediction of debris flow hazards. In general, unconfined debris flows triggered in the Flysch Sector of the Central Spanish Pyrenees are of the same order of magnitude as others reported in the literature. The deposition of sediment started at 17.8 • , and the runout distance represented 60% of the difference in height between the head of the landslide and the point at which deposition started. The runout distance was relatively well correlated with the volume of sediment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debris flow characteristics and relationships in the Central Spanish Pyrenees

Lorente

Beguerı́a

Bathurst

et al. 2003

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…For large landslides and debris flows, it is not uncommon for simulations of landslide deposition to yield estimates of Coulomb friction coefficients of 0.01 or less [Kilburn and Sorenson, 1998]. Although we do not propose any particular mechanism for lowering C n , such as lubrication [Watts, 1997] or hydroplaning [Mohrig et al, 1998], small friction coefficients are facilitated by the large density, small viscosity of water, and high pore fluid pressure.…”

Section: Appendix A: Pyroclastic Debris Flow Motion Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical analysis of tsunami generation by pyroclastic flows

Watts¹,

Waythomas

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Pyroclastic flows are a common product of explosive volcanism and have the potential to initiate tsunamis whenever thick, dense flows encounter bodies of water. We evaluate the process of tsunami generation by pyroclastic flow by decomposing the pyroclastic flow into two components, the dense underflow portion, which we term the pyroclastic debris flow, and the plume, which includes the surge and coignimbrite ash cloud parts of the flow. We consider five possible wave generation mechanisms. These mechanisms consist of steam explosion, pyroclastic debris flow, plume pressure, plume shear, and pressure impulse wave generation. Our theoretical analysis of tsunami generation by these mechanisms provides an estimate of tsunami features such as a characteristic wave amplitude and wavelength. We find that in most situations, tsunami generation is dominated by the pyroclastic debris flow component of a pyroclastic flow. This work presents information sufficient to construct tsunami sources for an arbitrary pyroclastic flow interacting with most bodies of water.

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“…[43] A scaling effect may arise for very large mass flows if the effective friction angle f with flow volume [e.g., Kilburn and Sørensen, 1998]. Note that [t] 2 , and thus t* s , Figure 9.…”

Section: Submerged Time Of Motion: Inferences About Splash Zone Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamis generated by subaerial mass flows

Watts²,

et al. 2003

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[1] Tsunamis generated in lakes and reservoirs by subaerial mass flows pose distinctive problems for hazards assessment because the domain of interest is commonly the ''near field,'' beyond the zone of complex splashing but close enough to the source that wave propagation effects are not predominant. Scaling analysis of the equations governing water wave propagation shows that near-field wave amplitude and wavelength should depend on certain measures of mass flow dynamics and volume. The scaling analysis motivates a successful collapse (in dimensionless space) of data from two distinct sets of experiments with solid block ''wave makers.'' To first order, wave amplitude/water depth is a simple function of the ratio of dimensionless wave maker travel time to dimensionless wave maker volume per unit width. Wave amplitude data from previous laboratory investigations with both rigid and deformable wave makers follow the same trend in dimensionless parameter space as our own data. The characteristic wavelength/water depth for all our experiments is simply proportional to dimensionless wave maker travel time, which is itself given approximately by a simple function of wave maker length/water depth. Wave maker shape and rigidity do not otherwise influence wave features. Application of the amplitude scaling relation to several historical events yields ''predicted'' near-field wave amplitudes in reasonable agreement with measurements and observations. Together, the scaling relations for near-field amplitude, wavelength, and submerged travel time provide key inputs necessary for computational wave propagation and hazards assessment.

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Runout lengths of sturzstroms: The control of initial conditions and of fragment dynamics

Cited by 60 publications

References 25 publications

Debris flow characteristics and relationships in the Central Spanish Pyrenees

Debris flow characteristics and relationships in the Central Spanish Pyrenees

Theoretical analysis of tsunami generation by pyroclastic flows

Tsunamis generated by subaerial mass flows

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