RuO2-loaded TiO2–MXene as a high performance photocatalyst for nitrogen fixation

Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbide/Nitride (MXene) Hybrids and Nanocomposites for Catalytic Energy Storage and Conversion

“…41,43 MXene surface oxidation is most commonly employed in Ti-based MXenes to form TiO2 photocatalysts, 55 although oxidation can be also applied to V, Nb, and Mo-based MXenes to form their respective oxides. 58,62,82 In-situ oxidation is achieved through flash oxidation (1150 °C, 30 s), 55 prolonged oxidation from calcination (350-650 °C), [85][86][87] hydro/solvothermal processes (120-220 °C), 47,78,[88][89][90][91] or CO2 oxidation (500-900 °C). 62,83 Control over the MXenes' surface Tx groups prior to oxidation is crucial, since different surface terminations have resulted in morphological differences in the oxides formed.…”

Recent advances in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation: from active sites to ammonia quantification methods

“…A recent example, using Ti 3 AlC 2 as the precursor, Hao and coworkers synthesized MXene by HF etching, and completed the growth of RuO 2 nanoparticles and TiO 2 on the substrate MXene by hydrothermal reaction. 102 It was found that the ultrafine RuO 2 nanoparticles with a large number of metal Ru(0) centers can effectively reduce the reduction barrier and increase the ammonia yield as the active site of reducing nitrogen. Although most studies have shown that metal atoms are evenly loaded on the layered material structure, and better play its role as an active site, there are exceptions in everything.…”

The tunable electric and magnetic properties of 2D MXenes and their potential applications

“…The presence of abundant groups on its surface makes it hydrophilic, but increasing the groups, electric conductivity decreases. The activated metallic hydroxide sites, large surface to volume ratio, high melting point, high thermal conductivity, exceptional hardness, ultra-thin, good oxidation resistance serves MXene as excellent material in several fields, such as field-effect transistor 26 , water purification 27 , chemical sensors 28 , biosensors 29 , detection of volatile organic compounds 30 , photo/electro-catalysis (e.g., photocatalytic hydrogen production 31 , photocatalytic for nitrogen fixation 32 , CO 2 reduction activity), energy conversion devices (including triboelectric nanogenerators, solar fuel generation and water splitting) [33][34][35][36] , capacitive desalination 37 , biomedical 38 , energy storage (including batteries and supercapacitors), spintronics, nano-electronic/optoelectronics, and topological applications 30,32,39,40 . The lateral dimension range of MXenes is from nanometers to micrometers; else, the thickness can be found in the nanometer range 41 .…”