Rupert, Linda M., Creolization and Contraband: Curaçao in the Early Modern Atlantic World (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2012), 296 pp., $24.95, ISBN 978 0 820 34306 8.

The Dutch Atlantic world, 1585–1815: Recent themes and developments in the field

“…By taking on extra work, a slave could purchase his or her freedom, and free and enslaved blacks both worked as sailors, for instance, or became traders in their own right. The island's diverse connections and influences, both African and European, fostered a new creole language, Papiamentu, which was more Iberian and African than Dutch (Jacobs, B., 2009;Rupert, 2012).…”