Rupture of sinus of valsalva aneurysm: Case report

Abstract

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are uncommon. Aortic sinus aneurysm may be complicated by endocarditis or rupture. A 26 year old native Ghanaian presented with dyspnoea, raised jugular venous pressure (JVP), tender hepatomegaly, peripheral oedema, a thrill and a continuous murmur at the upper left sternal edge. Two-dimensional doppler echocardiography with colour flow mapping revealed a large aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva (4cm diameter) that abutted the right ventricular out-flow tract with distortion of the pulmonary valve. Colour flow revealed left to right shunting of blood from the aortic root into the right atrium. A year later he presented with a febrile illness, weight loss, night sweats and was diagnosed as having culture negative infective endocarditis. Following a course of antibiotics, he underwent successful cardiopulmonary bypass surgery with repair of the ruptured aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva.

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in Africa: a literature review

“…A total of 48 papers were identified, of which 28 records not related to the theme were excluded. A total of 20 full-text papers representing 23 patients, children and adults included, were included in this review [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…A case series with 4 patients and 19 clinical cases of SOVA were identified from reports published between 1962 and 2021 [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Overall, 23 patients with SOVA were identified, and there were 14 males (60.8%) and 9 females (39.1%) (male/female ratio: 1.6/1).…”

“…Two of them died suddenly, and one patient died of refractory heart failure. Among the 8 operated patients, one patient with three months and another with 6 months, and five patients with one year and another with 3 years of follow-up remain asymptomatic, which reflects a good result in the short-medium term [4,5,7,8,15,17,23].…”

Unusual coexistence of major cardiac pathologies in a single, asymptomatic patient

“…Myxomas are the most common cardiac neoplasm accounting for about 50% of all tumours of the heart [4]. Clinical presentation ranges from no symptoms to constitutional symptoms or to intracardiac obstruction, such as mitral obstruction, and coronary or systemic embolization [5]. Overlying thrombus on the surface of the tumour often embolises rather than the tumour itself [6].…”

“…Overlying thrombus on the surface of the tumour often embolises rather than the tumour itself [6]. Surgical resection is the only effective treatment to prevent this debilitating and catastrophic complication, [5] with excellent prognosis following excision [4].…”