Rupture-to-Rafters Simulations: Unifying Science and Engineering for Earthquake Hazard Mitigation

Krishnan, Swaminathan; Muto, Matthew M.; Mourhatch, Ramses; Bjornsson, Arnar Bjorn; Siriki, H.

doi:10.1109/mcse.2011.23

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The spectral acceleration level at which structural response becomes unbounded is the collapse capacity of the building. Finally, the emergence of rupture-to-rafters simulations [24] has led to extensive investigations on the performance of tall steel moment frame buildings under large simulated earthquakes in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle (e.g., [21,30,43,29]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of the Earthquake Response of Tall Steel Moment Frame Buildings to Ground Motion Features

Krishnan¹,

Muto²

2013

Journal of Earthquake Engineering

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The seismic response of two tall steel moment frame buildings and their variants is explored through parametric nonlinear analysis using idealized sawtooth-like ground velocity waveforms, with a characteristic period (T ), amplitude (peak ground velocity, P GV ), and duration (number of cycles, N ).Collapse-level response is induced only by long-period, moderate to large P GV ground excitation.This agrees well with a simple energy balance analysis. The collapse initiation regime expands to lower ground motion periods and amplitudes with increasing number of ground motion cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of the Earthquake Response of Tall Steel Moment Frame Buildings to Ground Motion Features

Krishnan¹,

Muto²

2013

Journal of Earthquake Engineering

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“…The transfer of information from an outer/background domain is exact (aside from intrinsic numerical/discretization errors), which enables a nearly seamless account of seismic wave propagation from "rupture to rafters." 34 In this study, a workflow is devised that combines three different modeling and analysis techniques that enable a scenario-based earthquake event simulation that begins with fault rupture and ends with a high-fidelity analysis of a soilfoundation-structure system. The outmost layer of the said workflow is a broadband Green's-function-based fault rupture and GMS tool that is based on the "UCSB (University of California at Santa Barbara) method."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the DRM approach, results from background runs act as equivalent sources of ground motion for new simulations on smaller domains that possess substantial material, geometry, and multiphysics complexities. The transfer of information from an outer/background domain is exact (aside from intrinsic numerical/discretization errors), which enables a nearly seamless account of seismic wave propagation from “rupture to rafters.” 34 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computational workflow for rupture‐to‐structural‐response simulation and its application to Istanbul

Zhang

Restrepo

Crempien

et al. 2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Scenario-based earthquake simulations at regional scales hold the promise in advancing the state-of-the-art in seismic risk assessment studies. In this study, a computational workflow is presented that combines (i) a broadband Green's function-based fault-rupture and ground motion simulation-herein carried out using the "UCSB (University of California at Santa Barbara) method", (ii) a three-dimensional physics-based regional-scale wave propagation simulation that is resolved at max = 11.2 Hz, and (iii) a local soil-foundation-structure finite element analysis model. These models are interfaced with each other using the domain reduction method. The innermost local model-implemented in ABAQUS-is additionally enveloped with perfectly matched layer boundaries that absorb outbound waves scattered by the structures contained within it. The intermediate wave propagation simulation is carried out using Hercules, which is an explicit time-stepping finite element code that is developed and licensed by the CMU-QUAKE group. The devised workflow is applied to a 80 × 40 × 40 km 3 region on the European side of Istanbul, which was modeled using detailed soil stratigraphy data and realistic fault rupture properties, which are available from prior microzonation surveys and earthquake scenario studies. The innermost local model comprises a chevron-braced steel frame building supported by a shallow foundation slab, which, in turn, rests atop a three-dimensional soil domain. To demonstrate the utility of the workflow, results obtained using various simplified soil-structure interaction analysis techniques are compared with those from the detailed direct model. While the aforementioned demonstration has a limited scope, the devised workflow can be used in a multitude of ways, for example, to examine the effects of shallow-layer soil nonlinearities and surface topography, to devise site-and structure-specific seismic fragilities, and for calibrating regional loss models, to name a few.

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“…Rupture-to-rafters simulations offer an alternative (and perhaps more realistic) approach for risk quantification and design of new structures (Krishnan et al, 2006(Krishnan et al, , 2011. Generating stochastic seismic source models for these simulations is a crucial step, given the limited number of credible source models from large historical earthquakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Laboratory Earthquake‐Based Stochastic Seismic Source Generation Algorithm for Strike‐Slip Faults and its Application to the Southern San Andreas Fault

Siriki¹,

Bhat²,

Lü³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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There is a sparse number of credible source models available from largemagnitude past earthquakes. A stochastic source-model-generation algorithm thus becomes necessary for robust risk quantification using scenario earthquakes. We present an algorithm that combines the physics of fault ruptures as imaged in laboratory earthquakes with stress estimates on the fault constrained by field observations to generate stochastic source models for large-magnitude (M w 6.0-8.0) strike-slip earthquakes. The algorithm is validated through a statistical comparison of synthetic groundmotion histories from a stochastically generated source model for a magnitude 7.90 earthquake and a kinematic finite-source inversion of an equivalent magnitude past earthquake on a geometrically similar fault. The synthetic dataset comprises threecomponent ground-motion waveforms, computed at 636 sites in southern California, for 10 hypothetical rupture scenarios (five hypocenters, each with two rupture directions) on the southern San Andreas fault. A similar validation exercise is conducted for a magnitude 6.0 earthquake, the lower magnitude limit for the algorithm. Additionally, ground motions from the M w 7.9 earthquake simulations are compared against predictions by the Campbell-Bozorgnia Next Generation Attenuation relation, as well as the ShakeOut scenario earthquake. The algorithm is then applied to generate 50 source models for a hypothetical magnitude 7.9 earthquake originating at Parkfield, California, with rupture propagating from north to south (toward Wrightwood), similar to the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake. Using the spectral element method, three-component ground-motion waveforms are computed in the Los Angeles basin for each scenario earthquake and the sensitivity of ground-shaking intensity to seismic source parameters (such as the percentage of asperity area relative to the fault area, rupture speed, and rise time) is studied.Online Material: Figures of source and simulated peak ground motions for an M w 6.05 scenario on the southern San Andreas fault, and table of V S30 and basin depth at stations.

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Rupture-to-Rafters Simulations: Unifying Science and Engineering for Earthquake Hazard Mitigation

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Sensitivity of the Earthquake Response of Tall Steel Moment Frame Buildings to Ground Motion Features

Sensitivity of the Earthquake Response of Tall Steel Moment Frame Buildings to Ground Motion Features

A computational workflow for rupture‐to‐structural‐response simulation and its application to Istanbul

A Laboratory Earthquake‐Based Stochastic Seismic Source Generation Algorithm for Strike‐Slip Faults and its Application to the Southern San Andreas Fault

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