Ruptured epidermoid cyst and haematoma of spleen: a diagnostic clue of high levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and Sialyl Lewis x

A Splenic Epithelial Cyst: Increased Size, Exacerbation of Symptoms, and Elevated Levels of Serum Carcinogenic Antigen 19-9 after 6-year Follow-up

“…In the present case, the splenic epithelial cyst, the origin of which was difficult to identify preoperatively, was associated with exacerbation of symptoms, elevated serum CA19-9 levels, and an increased size after 6 years of follow-up. Concerning the preoperative diagnosis of the current case, an epithelial cyst (10), including epidermoid (8) or lymphoepithelial (9, 11) cysts, was strongly suspected due to the extremely high level of serum CA19-9 (2,5,8,9).…”

“…They are primarily benign and can be generally differentiated from malignant variants by clinical images (3,4), including various types of cysts, such as epidermoid cyst, dermoid cyst, and lymphoepithelial cyst (2). However, epithelial cysts are occasionally accompanied by increased levels of serum tumor markers (2,5), which can impede their diagnosis. They occasionally cause complications, such as rupture (5,6), infection (7), and bleeding (5,6), which can be lethal.…”

“…However, epithelial cysts are occasionally accompanied by increased levels of serum tumor markers (2,5), which can impede their diagnosis. They occasionally cause complications, such as rupture (5,6), infection (7), and bleeding (5,6), which can be lethal. For these reasons, epithelial cysts, especially large cysts, are often treated by prophylactic surgery.…”

Spontaneous Rupture of a True Splenic Cyst Diagnosed by Laparoscopy

“…In addition, true cysts occur mainly in children and young adults [19], with approximately two-thirds of patients being female [20]. In the literature, approximately 190 reports pertaining to true splenic cysts have been documented, and of these, only a few describe spontaneous cyst rupture [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The origin of epithelial [true] cysts of the spleen is controversial.…”

“…Some authors attribute their development to the embryonic inclusion of epithelial tissue, whereas others refer to the inclusion of the mesothelial lining with subsequent squamous metaplasia [28,29]. In addition, there are recent reports in the literature describing high serum levels of tumor markers (CA 19-9, CEA, cancer antigens 50 and 125) [23][24][25]. These reports indicate that the production of CEA, CA 19-9, and, to a lesser extent, cancer antigens 50 and 125 is dependent on the epithelium lining of the true cysts.…”