Ruptured Venous Aneurysm of the Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava

Abstract

A 24-year-old female with venous aneurysm of the persistent left superior vena cava and the left subclavicular vein has been reported. Spontaneous closed rupture of the venous aneurysm, secondary to thrombosed obstruction, occurred into the posterior mediastinum and the extrapleural thoracic wall. The symptom was aggravated rapidly because of absent communicating vein between the persistent left superior and the right superior venae cavae. Surgical intervention was not considered for the reason of difficulty in approach. Fortunately an open rupture of the venous aneurysm into the thoracic cavity was not seen. A conservative treatment for 4 months resulted in a successful outcome with absorption of a large hematoma and building of collateral circulation.

Brachiocephalic venous aneurysm with unusual clinical observations

“…[1][2][3]5,[7][8][9] However, these aneurysms can cause chest pain or dyspnea, and they may sometimes be associated with rupture or pulmonary embolism. 4,10,11 Our patient complained of hoarseness and coughing caused by left recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, which is extremely rare. Although chest radiography, which was performed at regular intervals before the referral to our hospital, did not detect any change in the size of the aneurysm, slight enlargement of the aneurysm might have led to the displacement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.…”

Primary Axillary Venous Aneurysm

“…3 Although prior trauma may contribute to some cases of venous aneurysms, 2,3,8,9 their ultimate etiology remains unclear, 6 with several congenital, inflammatory, or degenerative wall weakness theories proposed to explain them. 8,[10][11][12][13] In our case, the pathologic findings suggested a venous angiomatous formation. The anomalies found in the mus- cular layer have been reported by others in the wall of venous aneurysms 1,6,7,14,15 and may represent a congenital wall weakness.…”

“…Rupture of such aneurysms has also been reported. 11,20 Calligaro et al 21 suggest that the only venous aneurysms that need surgical treatment are those located in the popliteal vein, because of their tendency to produce thromboembolic complications, and those in the abdomen, because they have a high risk of rupture. Thoracic venous aneurysms rarely cause severe discomfort, and superficial aneurysms of the arms, legs, and neck have only a cosmetic indication for surgery.…”

Aneurysm of antecubital vein: an unusual complication of peripheral intravenous cannulation

“…The complications of venous aneurysms include embolism, thrombosis and rupture [12-14]. Venous aneurysms of the portal system can be associated with portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding [6,12].…”