Rural Americans’ COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 with Their Community Pharmacists: An Exploratory Study

Koskan, Alexis; LoCoco, Iris E.; Daniel, Casey L.; Teeter, Benjamin S.

doi:10.3390/vaccines11010171

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Additionally, it should be acknowledged that there were increased rates of skepticism regarding COVID-19 in rural communities [ 13 ]. For this reason, it has been documented that patients were not seeking medical attention when they potentially had COVID-19 [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Analysis of Hyperlipidemia and COVID-19 Outcomes Investigated in a Rural Midwestern Population

Steffes,

Christensen,

Schreck

et al. 2023

Cureus

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BackgroundCOVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus discovered in 2019. Its impact on the world continues to be studied due to the significant death toll of the disease. As the COVID-19 pandemic remains ongoing, examining the association of COVID-19 with comorbidities and resulting mortality is necessary. This study focuses on population health outcomes with COVID-19 infection and hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL) as a comorbidity, including potential associations with age and sex. MethodsAs a retrospective analytical study, patients were divided into three populations based on COVID-19 and/or hyperlipidemia based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) codes reported in the electronic medical record system at Freeman Health System (FHS) in Southwest Missouri from April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. Wald's methods and two sample proportion summary hypotheses with confidence intervals (CIs) were used for comparison. The populations were subdivided and analyzed for age and sex differences. ResultsPatients with both COVID-19 and hyperlipidemia had a higher mortality rate than patients with COVID-19 and without hyperlipidemia and patients with hyperlipidemia and without COVID-19; patients with COVID-19 and without hyperlipidemia had a higher mortality rate than patients with hyperlipidemia and without COVID-19. All comparisons across these populations were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). While increased age was associated with increased mortality in all groups, sex was not predictive in this regard. ConclusionOur study provides insights into variables affecting COVID-19 outcomes in a rural Midwestern population by showing how the comorbidity hyperlipidemia contributes to increased mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Analysis of Hyperlipidemia and COVID-19 Outcomes Investigated in a Rural Midwestern Population

Steffes,

Christensen,

Schreck

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Jazan Province has a higher proportion of rural population than other regions of Saudi Arabia [19]. Many studies have revealed a disparity between rural and urban areas in the prevalence of vaccine reluctance [20,21]. According to these studies, rural societies often have less access to accurate information about vaccines due to limited internet access, less access to healthcare providers, and cultural barriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Population in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia

Almalki,

Sultan,

Abbas

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and refusal vary across countries and among different socio-demographic groups. This study investigates hesitancy related to the COVID-19 vaccine and the associated factors in the rural-community-dominated Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study through an online questionnaire was conducted from February to April 2021 to investigate the extent of vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 vaccine and the associated factors in the Jazan region. A Chi-squared test and post hoc analysis were conducted to analyze the statistical significance of the association between variables. Of the 569 participants who completed the online questionnaire, the majority were males (81.5%) and had a university education (72.6%). Of the participants, more than one-third (36.9%) were hesitant to vaccinate. Concern about adverse side effects following vaccination was the most reported reason for vaccine hesitancy (42.6%), followed by beliefs that the vaccine was unsafe or ineffective (15.5%). The data analysis revealed that people who lived in cities in Jazan Province or those who did not have a family history of COVID-19 infection were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. It is more important than ever to develop and implement community-based strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, especially in rural areas.

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“…The COVID‐19 vaccine rollout introduced another high‐priority challenge, further straining existing organizational structures and staffing capacity. Micropolitan and rural communities had significantly lower COVID‐19 vaccine rates throughout the pandemic, 5 and while many factors, including vaccine hesitancy, 6,7 could have contributed to this, issues related to access may be a factor 8 . Throughout the pandemic, private‐public partnerships emerged to provide vaccines in micropolitan and rural communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locations of COVID‐19 vaccination provision: Urban‐rural differences

Ryan,

Kahl,

Callaghan

et al. 2023

The Journal of Rural Health

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PurposeOur goal was to compare locations of COVID‐19 vaccine provision in urban and rural communities over the course of the pandemic.MethodsWe used the Iowa Immunization Registry Information System (IRIS) to identify the organizations providing COVID‐19 vaccines (eg, pharmacies, public health departments, and medical providers). Proportions of first‐dose vaccines by organization type and patient census‐based statistical area were generated. We calculated Chi‐square tests to assess differences among metropolitan, micropolitan, and noncore communities.FindingsIRIS data revealed that 64% (n = 2,043,251) of Iowans received their first COVID‐19 vaccine between December 14, 2020, and December 31, 2022. For metropolitan‐dwelling individuals, most first doses were administered at pharmacies (53%), with similar trends observed for micropolitan (49%) and noncore (42%) individuals. The second most common location for metropolitan individuals was medical practices (17%); public health clinics and departments were the second most common provider for micropolitan (26%) and noncore (33%) individuals. These trends shifted over time. In December 2020, hospitals were the most common vaccine provider for everyone, but by December 2022, medical providers were the most common source for metropolitan individuals, and pharmacies were most common for micropolitan and noncore individuals.ConclusionsTrends in the type of vaccine provider differentiated metropolitan residents from micropolitan and noncore residents. For the latter groups, local public health departments played a more significant role. Across all groups, pharmacists emerged as a critical vaccine provider. Our findings can be used to plan for seasonal vaccine campaigns as well as potential future mass vaccination campaigns.

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Rural Americans’ COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 with Their Community Pharmacists: An Exploratory Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

A Retrospective Analysis of Hyperlipidemia and COVID-19 Outcomes Investigated in a Rural Midwestern Population

A Retrospective Analysis of Hyperlipidemia and COVID-19 Outcomes Investigated in a Rural Midwestern Population

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Population in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia

Locations of COVID‐19 vaccination provision: Urban‐rural differences

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