Rural and nonrural racial variation in mentally unhealthy days: Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system in North Carolina, 2015–2019

Efird, Caroline R.; Matthews, Derrick D.; Muessig, Kathryn E.; Barrington, Clare; Metzl, Jonathan M.; Lightfoot, Alexandra F.

doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100199

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

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“…Moreover, we currently lack empirical evidence about how mechanisms that comprise whiteness disparately affect the mental and physical health of White Americans. We know that there are differences in the ways mental health is experienced for White Americans across class status (Cooley et al., 2020; Kwate & Goodman, 2014), gender (Bey et al., 2018), and geographic location (Efird et al., 2023b). Yet, data are lacking about the causal mechanisms that facilitate these differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whiteness hurts society: How whiteness shapes mental, physical, and social health outcomes

Efird,

Wilkins,

Versey

2024

Journal of Social Issues

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Confronting whiteness could complement and amplify the study of Critical Race Theory and enhance psychologists’ capacity to effectively study and address health and social issues. Whiteness is a racialized social system and a set of beliefs that uphold White American social supremacy and the oppression of populations of color. We discuss how prior scholarship has addressed whiteness and we illustrate how whiteness can harm health and well‐being among White Americans and broader society. By documenting the negative effects of whiteness, we encourage divestment from the construction of reality that inequitably produces power and privilege, and ultimately, threatens society. Understanding how whiteness operates will aid the development of interventions and policies that reduce the inequity that results from whiteness and the enduring nature of racism. Finally, we call on psychologists to actively divest from systems of whiteness within our field; otherwise, we are complicit in how whiteness hurts society.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whiteness hurts society: How whiteness shapes mental, physical, and social health outcomes

Efird,

Wilkins,

Versey

2024

Journal of Social Issues

Self Cite

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“We grew up in the church”: A critical discourse analysis of Black and White rural residents’ perceptions of mental health

Efird,

Barrington,

Metzl

et al. 2023

Social Science & Medicine

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Whiteness: A Fundamental Determinant of the Health of Rural White Americans

Efird,

Griffith

2024

Am J Public Health

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Because residents of rural areas in the United States experience a persistent disadvantage in life expectancy relative to their urban counterparts, it is critical to consider the structural and social determinants that affect the health of rural populations. White Americans constitute 3 out of every 4 (76%) rural residents, and there is growing evidence that rurality is a predictor of poor health status for White Americans in ways that are not present for racially minoritized populations or nonrural White populations. We offer a framework to describe Whiteness as a fundamental determinant of the health of rural White Americans, which is useful to more precisely characterize and address the heterogeneous yet unique factors that drive their health. While Whiteness is a dynamic system that typically upholds White Americans’ social supremacy, we provide examples of intermediate (e.g., rural culture, environment) and intrapersonal (e.g., psychosocial) factors through which Whiteness can harm rural White Americans’ health (e.g., chronic disease, mental health). We conclude with a discussion of implications and recommendations that may help to advance research to promote health and well-being among rural White Americans. ( Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print December 5, 2024:e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307904 )

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Rural and nonrural racial variation in mentally unhealthy days: Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system in North Carolina, 2015–2019

Cited by 3 publications

References 66 publications

Whiteness hurts society: How whiteness shapes mental, physical, and social health outcomes

Whiteness hurts society: How whiteness shapes mental, physical, and social health outcomes

“We grew up in the church”: A critical discourse analysis of Black and White rural residents’ perceptions of mental health

Whiteness: A Fundamental Determinant of the Health of Rural White Americans

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