Rural Depopulation: Growth and Decline Processes over the Past Century

Johnson, Kenneth M.; Lichter, Daniel T.

doi:10.1111/ruso.12266

Cited by 271 publications

(224 citation statements)

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“…In 75 percent of these counties, more Whites died than were born. Nearly 24 percent of all US counties have now experienced such protracted and substantial population decline that they are depopulating (Johnson and Lichter 2019). White deaths exceed births in many of these counties.…”

Section: White Natural Decrease Overall Natural Decrease and Populamentioning

confidence: 99%

Subnational Non‐Hispanic White Natural Decrease in the United States

Johnson¹

2020

Population & Development Rev

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This research is the first to examine the prevalence and dynamics of non‐Hispanic white natural decrease in fine scale subregional units of the United States. In 2015, more non‐Hispanic Whites died than were born in 65 percent of the US counties. This is the highest incidence of non‐Hispanic white natural decrease ever reported. It results from a complex interaction among fertility, mortality, and migration over a protracted period. Spatial regression is used to identify three critical variables (over‐65 population, child–women ratio, and women of childbearing age) that are the immediate demographic causes of this natural decrease. The timely, factual information in this paper provides a demographic context for analysis of the social, political, and policy implications of this emergent demographic phenomenon.

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Section: White Natural Decrease Overall Natural Decrease and Populamentioning

confidence: 99%

Subnational Non‐Hispanic White Natural Decrease in the United States

Johnson¹

2020

Population & Development Rev

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“…In high income countries, rural‐to‐urban migration has long since turned into metropolitanization that incorporates both urban and suburban morphologies (Johnson & Lichter, 2019). The environmental implications include land consumption, sprawling infrastructure networks, and high per capita consumption of building materials and services (Angel, Parent, Civco, & Blei, 2011; Chini & Stillwell, 2019; Kennedy, Cuddihy, & Engel‐Yan, 2007).…”

Section: Implications For Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a research agenda on climate‐related migration

Andrews

2020

J of Industrial Ecology

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Climate change is one of the many stressors to which humans must adapt. Environmental concerns usually combine with other factors such as poverty, ethnic strife, or poor governance to become serious enough problems to warrant strong action. Migration away from affected areas is one time-tested response. This article proposes a migration-oriented research agenda for industrial ecology based on an examination of migration flows and ways of thinking about them, variations across contexts, implications for infrastructure and housing, the framing of climate-related migration, and short-term and longer-term fluctuations in the demand for shelter and services in high and low income countries. Elements of this agenda include understanding decentralized migration decisions, developing socio-ecologically based solutions for migration-related problems, and embracing an urban focus that makes infrastructures more adaptable and makes cities more resilient and equitable.

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“…Concurrent to these trends in income inequality, the rural United States has experienced major demographic changes, including heterogeneous patterns of population growth and decline (Brown 2014;Lichter and Johnson 2019;Peters 2019;Thiede et. al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al 2017). The vast majority of counties that have depopulated since 1950 are rural, and among rural counties, two thirds are experiencing population loss (Lichter and Johnson 2019). However, these aggregate trends mask significant inter-county variability during this period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Change and Income Inequality in Rural America

Butler¹,

Wildermuth²,

Thiede³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This paper examines the effects of population growth and decline on county-level income inequality in the United States from 1980 to 2016. Findings from previous research have shown that income inequality is positively associated with population change, but these studies have not explicitly tested for differences between the impacts of population growth and decline. Understanding the implications of population dynamics is particularly important given that many rural areas are characterized by population decline. We analyze county-level data (n=15,375 county-decades) from the Decennial Census and American Community Survey (ACS), applying fixed effects models to estimate the respective effects of population growth and decline on income inequality, to identify the processes that mediate the links between population change and inequality, and to assess whether these effects are moderated by county-level economic and demographic characteristics. We find evidence that population decline is associated with increased levels of income inequality relative to counties experiencing stable and high rates of population growth. This relationship remains robust across a variety of model specifications, including models that account for changes in counties’ employment, sociodemographic, and ethnoracial composition. We also find that the relationship between income inequality and population change varies by metropolitan status, baseline level of inequality, and region.

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Rural Depopulation: Growth and Decline Processes over the Past Century

Cited by 271 publications

References 19 publications

Subnational Non‐Hispanic White Natural Decrease in the United States

Subnational Non‐Hispanic White Natural Decrease in the United States

Toward a research agenda on climate‐related migration

Population Change and Income Inequality in Rural America

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