Rural Development Areas in Swaziland: The Politics of Integrated Rural Development

Sallinger-McBride, Jan; Picard, Louis A.

doi:10.2307/422319

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This approach has similarities and differences with the integrated rural development (IRD) approach of the 1970s and 1980s. The main similarities are simultaneous, complementary interventions, which create synergies and a major initial focus on agricultural productivity, including agroprocessing (18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The African Millennium Villages

Sánchez

Palm²,

Sachs³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

145

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We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and implications regarding sustainability and scalability. Our underlying hypothesis is that the interacting crises of agriculture, health, and infrastructure in rural Africa can be overcome through targeted public-sector investments to raise rural productivity and, thereby, to increased private-sector saving and investments. This is carried out by empowering impoverished communities with science-based interventions. Seventy-eight Millennium Villages have been initiated in 12 sites in 10 African countries, each representing a major agroecological zone. In early results, the research villages in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Malawi have reduced malaria prevalence, met caloric requirements, generated crop surpluses, enabled school feeding programs, and provided cash earnings for farm families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The African Millennium Villages

Sánchez

Palm²,

Sachs³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There remains a danger that NGOs could be employed instrumentally in order to attain and legitimize top‐down, anti‐democratic policy outcomes (Lewis 2002; Lane 2003). In affording Swazi NGOs greater interaction with policy and implementation processes, this will inevitably lead to the decentralization of power (Sallinger‐McBride and Picard 1989). However, in the current political context, whether this can actually occur in the near future, with real authority being delegated to local citizens and new institutions becoming downwardly accountable, remains uncertain, since the promotion of active participation will begin from very different baseline conditions than in the west (Mohan 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From global politics to local land users: applying the United Nations Convention to combat desertification in Swaziland

Stringer

Thomas

Twyman

2007

Geographical Journal

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This paper explores the relevance of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and its related National Action Programmes (NAPs) to people affected by land degradation and change in Swaziland. Household data collected from three chiefdoms are examined, together with policy analyses and information from interviews with policymakers and NGO representatives, as the barriers that inhibit successful implementation of the UNCCD at the national level are explored. We demonstrate how the issues addressed by Swaziland's NAP do not always match the environmental challenges that most threaten the sustainability of rural livelihoods, despite the ‘participatory’ and ‘consultative’ approach taken in developing the policy. This is because the more powerful members of society restricted the public's access to policy space. We argue that local involvement in environmental policy and decision‐making as prescribed from the international political arena is insufficient to ensure empowerment and democracy in dealing with land degradation in national and local contexts, particularly within highly centralized political systems. Although the UNCCD represents a useful global framework in which to situate local anti‐degradation initiatives, in centralized political systems, its success depends upon changes being made to the ethos of national facilitating organizations. Only when the power balance is challenged and greater moves are made towards decentralization will local land users be able to assume a meaningful role in combating desertification.

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“…There may be direct and indirect conflicts of interest and development priorities among various stakeholders. The political contradictions inherent in these multisectoral approaches may make IRD more difficult to implement and sustain than single-sectoral projects (Sallinger-McBride and Picard, 1989)[3].…”

Section: Background and Overview Of Irdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. See for instance the Swaziland’s rural development areas (Sallinger-McBride and Picard, 1989) and the intensive development zones IRD program in Zambia (Fenichel and Smith, 1992). …”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated rural development from a historical and global perspective

Jacob

2018

AEDS

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Purpose With roots dating back to the early twentieth century, integrated rural development (IRD) is a term that became commonplace in international development circles in the 1960s and afterwards. Based largely on a dual concept of helping to meet basic needs and improve the overall quality of life of poor people from rural and remote regions within national contexts, IRD initiatives have undergone a series of shifts in emphases, approaches and funding schemes. The purpose of this paper is to document the historical background and development of IRD initiatives over time. Design/methodology/approach The research design for this study included a series of mixed data collection methods, including case study examples of best practices, interviews and a thorough review of the formal literature, as well as an in-depth examination of alternative and multi-media literature (e.g. project reports, policy reports, government reports, working papers, newspaper articles, internet publications, etc.). Findings The findings of this paper are divided into the following sections. First, key terms of IRD are defined. Next, the background and overview of IRD is introduced including addressing how IRD is viewed as an approach to development, its historical evolution over time, some major IRD initiatives and the major development organizations engaged in promoting IRD. Third, an examination of several IRD models is introduced based on recommended methodologies, noting the sequencing of interventions important to successful IRD initiatives, select examples of IRD initiatives built on public-private partnerships, and the positive and negative outcomes and impacts from select IRD approaches. Originality/value The final section focuses on conclusions and seven key recommendations (or ingredients) outlined by the author as essential for implementing successful IRD initiatives: first, create an enabling environment that is conducive and supportive of IRD; second, establish a National Policy Framework for Integrated Development, which includes IRD; third, establish supportive policies and a legal framework that is based on the National Policy Framework; fourth, include two or more sectoral approaches in the initiative (e.g. agriculture, education, health, employment, infrastructure and industry, environment, etc.); fifth, garner participation and commitment from all stakeholders during each of the planning, implementation and evaluation stages; sixth, secure initial seed capital and funding and afterwards sustained funding streams; and seventh, conduct continual monitoring and evaluation throughout the lifespan of the entire initiative with specific adherence to the four key principles of good governance: coordination, information flow, transparency and accountability.

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Rural Development Areas in Swaziland: The Politics of Integrated Rural Development

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

The African Millennium Villages

The African Millennium Villages

From global politics to local land users: applying the United Nations Convention to combat desertification in Swaziland

Integrated rural development from a historical and global perspective

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