Rural electrification, gender and the labor market: A cross-country study of India and South Africa

Rathi, Sambhu Singh; Vermaak, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.016

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These findings by Rathi and Vermaak (2018) seem to be contradictory to those of van de Walle et al (2017) who find that electrification in India releases male labor supply from leisure and casual wage work to regular wage work, while such effect is not found for women. In South Africa, Rathi and Vermaak (2018) find that access to electricity increases the probability of being employed for both men and women; however, the effect is not statistically significant at conventional levels.…”

Section: Literature Reviewcontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…The findings of a recent cross-country analysis by Rathi and Vermaak (2018) reveal some major differences from previous studies which focused on the same country. The authors find that access to electricity in India increases paid employment for women, while it decreases paid employment for men.…”

Section: Literature Reviewcontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…Most studies examine effects on poverty and/or children's education (Chakravorty, Pelli, & Marchand, 2014;Khandker, Barnes, & Samad, 2012Khandker, Samad, Ali, & Barnes, 2014;Lipscomb, Mobarak, & Barham, 2013;Litzow, Pattanayak, & Thinley, 2019;Saing, 2018;van de Walle, Ravallion, Mendiratta, & Koolwal, 2017), and find positive effects. However, results on employment structure have been mixed (Akpandjar & Kitchens, 2017;Dinkelman, 2011;Grogan & Sadanand, 2012;Rathi & Vermaak, 2018;van de Walle et al, 2017).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors explained that even if electrification may enable people to have more time for income generating activities as suggested by Dinkelman (2011), the employment does not increase due to South Africa's lack of labor absorptive capacity. Nonetheless, it should be noted that the findings of Rathi and Vermaak (2018) focus primarily on paid employment. Although rural electrification might not translate into wage employment, the time saving effects of electrification can result in self-employment activities in the form of home-based microenterprises as suggested by previous studies.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important pathway leading to higher income and more education is changes in occupation to jobs with higher earnings and diversification of income sources. However, previous literature regarding the effects of electrification on employment structure in developing countries is still inconclusive (Dinkelman 2011; Grogan and Sadanand 2012;Akpandjar and Kitchens 2017;van de Walle et al 2017;Rathi and Vermaak 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rural electrification and changes in employment structure in Cambodia

Chhay

Yamazaki

2021

World Development

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We analyze the effect of electrification on changes in employment structure in Cambodia, which is still in early stage of electrification and structural change. In our analysis, we aim to examine the movement out of agriculture by looking into different categories of nonagricultural employment: nonagricultural self-employment, nonagricultural wage employment and nonagricultural unpaid workers. In order to mitigate the problem of non-random placement of electricity, we use the inverse probability of treatment weighting regression adjustment (IPWRA) method to conduct two different estimations, one with individual-level repeated cross-section data and another with district-level panel data, taking advantage of large and representative sample from the Cambodia General Population Census in 1998 and 2008. We found that the movement out of agriculture is dominated by non-farm self-employment activities. Access to electricity increases nonagricultural self-employment of both men and women by 10-12 percentage points. We also confirm a lack of external effects of electrification in rural Cambodia possibly due to low electrification rates among rural households.

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Section: Literature Reviewcontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Literature Reviewcontrasting

confidence: 71%