Rural Health Care in China

Zhang, Zikuan

doi:10.1142/s0192415x8700028x

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The prescription comprises an equal ratio of four drugs: Radix Bupleuri, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and Radix Paeoniae Alba. SNS has been widely used to treat hepatitis, gastritis, neuralgia, appendagitis, etc., in clinics [1][2][3]. The recent study on SNS showed that it possessed strong effect in treating immunological liver injury and contact sensitivity [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of metabolites of Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in rat plasma and urine using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/triple–quadrupole spectrometry

Yan

Chen

Tian-xue

et al. 2012

Journal of Chromatography B

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of metabolites of Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in rat plasma and urine using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/triple–quadrupole spectrometry

Yan

Chen

Tian-xue

et al. 2012

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…In China, it has long been used as a folk medicinal plant to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, subdue swelling, and alleviate pain [3]. Current studies have indicated that L. rotata can be a remedy for a number of diseases, such as cancer, multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), rheumatic arthritis, and breast swelling [4][5][6][7][8][9]. More than ten compounds have been isolated from this species, in which four are phenylpropanoid glycosides and seven are iridoids [10,11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical variation in lipophilic composition of Lamiophlomis rotata from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2006

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Lipophilic extracts from flowers, leaves, and roots of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) were analyzed using GC-MS. A total of 67 compounds were identified.Lamiophlomis (family Lamiaceae) is a monotypic genus with the species L. rotata (Benth.) Kudo, which is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [1]. L. rotata is a nonstalk and perennial herb distributed in Bhutan, India (Sikkim), Nepal, and China [2]. In China, it has long been used as a folk medicinal plant to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, subdue swelling, and alleviate pain [3]. Current studies have indicated that L. rotata can be a remedy for a number of diseases, such as cancer, multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), rheumatic arthritis, and breast swelling [4][5][6][7][8][9]. More than ten compounds have been isolated from this species, in which four are phenylpropanoid glycosides and seven are iridoids [10,11]. However, lipophilic extracts in L. rotata have not been previously investigated.We identified a total of 67 compounds in the lipophilic extracts from flowers, leaves, and roots of L. rotata from three regions in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, i.e., Tibetan Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, and Yunnan Province (Table 1). The sixteen major compounds (> 4%) isolated included five common to flowers, leaves, and roots: linolenic acid methyl ester (8.77-11.90% in flowers, 11.19-18.23% in leaves, and 17.31-20.80% in roots), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (6.90-15.78% in flowers, 2.75-9.36% in leaves, and 8.06-19.11% in roots), hexadecanoic acid (9.97-14.98% in flowers, 7.08-12.42% in leaves, and 9.65-18.54% in roots), β-sitosterol (13.72-16.63% in flowers, 15.04-18.00% in leaves, and 13.05-16.57% in roots), and stearic acid (2.41-4.07% in flowers, 2.02-4.52% in leaves, and tr -7.83% in roots); one common to flowers and roots, i.e., n-cetane (0.12-4.13% in flowers and 0.24-7.17% in roots); one common to flowers and leaves, i.e., n-hentriacontane (4.08-7.76% in flowers and 7.18-8.58% in roots); three in flowers only: myristic acid (0.94-4.09%), cyclohexenylacetic acid (2.41-4.07%) and n-nonacosane (4.33-4.80%); two in the leaves only: trimethyl-pentadecan-2-ol (5.06-7.50%) and n-tritriacontane (0.93-5.08%); and four in roots only: campesterol (3.92-8.83%), n-heptadecane (0.26-7.69%), n-pentadecane (1.15-5.71%), and n-octadecane (tr-4.93%). EXPERIMENTALFresh samples of L. rotata were collected from eight locations in three regions i.e., Tibet (four locations), Qinghai (two locations), and Yunnan (two locations) in August, 2004. The voucher specimens were deposited at the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering at Fudan University. Plant material was air dried at room temperature for about a month prior to analysis.

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“…Diagnosis of BD depends upon specific clinical findings. A number of authorities have proposed a list of criteria for diagnosis [7,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61], the first was proposed by Mason and Barnes [7]. Correlation of suggested criteria with diagnosis of BD shows that the International Study Group (ISG) criteria have a very high specificity (96%) with the highest relative value of discrim- 104 inatory performance [55] (Table 1).…”

Section: Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correlation of suggested criteria with diagnosis of BD shows that the International Study Group (ISG) criteria have a very high specificity (96%) with the highest relative value of discrim- 104 inatory performance [55] (Table 1). The Chinese criteria [58], although showing the highest sensitivity (98%), gave the lowest specificity (62%), resulting in reduction of the relative value to 157 ( Table 1). Reassessment of the ISG criteria with rheumatological conditions including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), especially because of the recent finding that BD and FMF can coexist, indicated that ISG performed well in correctly classifying BD [62,63].…”

Section: Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral ulcerations are reported in almost 100% of patients [17,40,[266][267][268][269][270], which is why they are considered as one of the major criteria for the diagnosis of BD according to JDC and the established proposed diagnostic criteria of ISC (Table 3) of BD [7,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. They manifest as a pre- 110 senting feature of the disease in 66%-76% of patients.…”

Section: Orogenital Ulcerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behcet’s disease

Al-Mutawa¹,

Hegab

2004

Clin Exp Med

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Behcet's disease is a recurrent multisystem vasculitis that can affect any organ or system, but was originally described as orogenital ulcerations and uveitis. Specific criteria have been proposed for diagnosis and identification of affected organs by different national authorities. Behcet's disease is proposed to be due to an antigen/antibody reaction. The antigen can be external (microbial or other) or self-antigen. Self-antigens include HLA-B, S and interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein, the oral mucosal antigens, and alphatropomycin. The antibody reaction manifests as changes common to any inflammatory process. Circulating immune complexes and neutrophil hyperactivity are present with the expression of adhesion molecules related to disease activity associated with phenotypic and functional aberrations affecting both Th1 and Th2 activity. The results in an increase of interleukin-4, -10, and -1B and interleukin-2 receptors with deficient interleukin-12, interferon-gamma, and expression of cell adhesion CDII/CD18, accompanied by increased B cells secreting IgG. The clinical picture varies according to the organ affected; emphasis is placed on those of diagnostic importance and those affecting morbidity and mortality. The histopathology demonstrates vasculitis with inflammatory cell infiltration, the endothelium expressing ICAM-1 and E-selectin, vascular occlusion with sequences. Treatment includes corticosteroids. Other immunosuppressant and biological agents include anti-tumor necrosis factor, interferon-alpha, Campath-1, and the S antigen. Colchicine and other miscellaneous therapies are included.

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Rural Health Care in China

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Identification of metabolites of Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in rat plasma and urine using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/triple–quadrupole spectrometry

Identification of metabolites of Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in rat plasma and urine using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/triple–quadrupole spectrometry

Chemical variation in lipophilic composition of Lamiophlomis rotata from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Behcet’s disease

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