Rural-urban disparities in prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in India

Abstract

Background: Anaemia continues to be a major public health problem at all ages worldwide. Today, every fifth person in India is an adolescent (Census, 2011). Anaemia effects adolescent girls critically by decreasing their capacity to do physical work, affects their growth as a result they are not well prepared for upcoming pregnancy and motherhood challenge. NFHS-3 reports indicated wide rural-urban disparity in prevalence of anaemia. The present study aims to explore rural-urban disparity in prevalence of anaemia and to study the factor associated with anaemia among adolescent girls in India. Methods: District levels household survey (DLHS-4, 2012-13) was used for the present study. The outcome variables included in the study was anaemia. Bivariate analyses including chi square tests were applied to determine the prevalence of anaemia and logistic regression models to understand the determinants of anaemia. The whole analysis was performed using STATA version 13.0 to take into account the survey design (i.e. sampling weights with clustering and strata), QGIS, and R CRAN. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was observed high in urban (65.3%) as compared to rural (57.3%). However, the prevalence of severe anaemia was high in rural area as compared to urban area. The mean hemoglobin level of the study population was 10.4±2.22. Prevalence of anaemia varies across key selected individual, household and community characteristics of adolescent girls. Finding of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that anemia has a strong relation with age, education, family size, religion, caste, economic status, sanitation facility and place of residence of adolescents. Conclusions: This study concludes that the prevalence of anaemia is a significant problem of adolescent girls in India. The study also proved that anemia is significantly associated with age, education, income strata and place of residence.

Prevalence and predictors of anaemia among adolescents in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India

“…The prevalence of anaemia was higher among rural adolescents than their counterparts in urban areas. Previous studies also noted rural–urban differences in anaemia and found severe anaemia prevalence was higher among respondents in rural areas than in urban areas 24 , 25 . In rural areas, girls generally get married early and become pregnant during the late adolescent period, thus increasing the risk of anaemia 15 .…”

“…The background above justifies the adverse effects of anaemia on adolescents and warrants further study to explore the determinants of anaemia among adolescents. Previously several studies have examined prevalence and factors associated with anaemia; however, most of the available literature is limited to female adolescents, thus ignoring male adolescents 13 , 21 – 24 . Furthermore, most of the available literature was limited to community study with a limited sample size 13 , 25 , 26 .…”

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by community in Jambur Labu Village, East Aceh, Indonesia

“…Anemia, fatigue, and toothache are common diseases among the people of the study area. In relation to adequate nutritional intake, anemia is more common in pregnant mothers and young women (Yadav et al 2017;Sinawangwulan et al 2018). Traditional knowledge about medicinal plants has been passed down from generation to generation in the local community in the study area.…”

Prevalence and predictors of anaemia among adolescents in India: An exploration from Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults Survey

“…Previous studies also noted rural-urban differences in anaemia and found that severe anaemia prevalence was higher among respondents in rural areas than in urban areas [51][52]. In rural areas, girls generally get married at an early age and become pregnant during the late adolescent period, thus increasing the risk of anaemia [39].…”