Rural/Urban Population Age and Sex Composition in sub‐Saharan Africa 1980–2015

Menashe‐Oren, Ashira; Stecklov, Guy

doi:10.1111/padr.12122

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…30 years). 34 For Uganda, this age difference could be largely explained by 3 country-specific aspects: (i) our study site is close to the capital city Kampala, where young people flee from the countryside, 35 (ii) land ownership or capital is held by the older population, 36 and (iii) agriculture is perceived as backwards and not appealing by to the younger generation. 37 This difference could also be explained by the fact that the age distribution in our study population in Uganda followed the shape of a constrictive pyramid, whereas the national distribution for the same period followed the shape of an expansive pyramid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Pesticide Use Determinants Among Smallholder Farmers From Costa Rica and Uganda

Staudacher

Fuhrimann

Farnham

et al. 2020

Environ�Health�Insights

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Pesticides are used globally in agriculture and pose a threat to the health of farmers, communities, and the environment. Smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries have generally a low socio-economic status and educational level. Consequently, they are particularly vulnerable to negative impacts of pesticides on their health, yields, or land. In a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices study, we compared the pest management practices between a market-oriented farming system in Zarcero County, Costa Rica, and a subsistence-based farming system in Wakiso District, Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among smallholder farmers from Costa Rica (n = 300) in 2016 and from Uganda (n = 302) in 2017. We enrolled conventional and organic farmers, but also farmers with mixed practices and non-applicators of any pest management strategy. We found that the majority of pesticides used in both case studies are classified as highly hazardous by the World Health Organization. While more than 90% of smallholder farmers from both countries were aware of the negative health effects of pesticide exposure, <11% in Costa Rica and <2% in Uganda reported using personal protective equipment every time they handled or applied pesticides. Hygiene and other safe use practices were not adopted by all farmers (<61%), especially among farmers applying more hazardous pesticides. Conventional farmers from Costa Rica (14%) and Uganda (19%) reported disposing pesticide residuals into rivers. Using a logistic regression we found that organic farmers were more likely to having been trained on safe pesticide use practices. Using a robust regression, we observed that smallholder household income was primarily driven by education and not directly by the use of synthetic pesticides. Our results suggest that negative effects of pesticides can be managed over the whole life cycle, from purchase, via storage and application to residual and waste management by fostering professionalization of farmers. We advise future safe use and handling interventions to consider the pesticide use-related socioeconomic and demographic findings highlighted in this paper.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Pesticide Use Determinants Among Smallholder Farmers From Costa Rica and Uganda

Staudacher

Fuhrimann

Farnham

et al. 2020

Environ�Health�Insights

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“…In this context, developments in rural fertility offer information about population pressure and, thus, potential for migration toward cities. Furthermore, the combined trends in fertility decline and in‐migration to urban areas determine the extent to which population is concentrated in working ages (Menashe‐Oren and Stecklov ). Knowledge about the timing and magnitude of this demographic dividend is crucial for development policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility Decline in Urban and Rural Areas of Developing Countries

Lerch¹

2018

Population & Development Rev

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“…Rural-urban migrants in SSA are predominantly young (Beauchemin 2011;Caldwell 1969;Ginsburg et al 2016;Menashe-Oren and Stecklov 2018), and the reasons behind young migration flows in SSA are complex. Though mostly driven by economic reasons, young people may also migrate for education (where secondary schooling is more available in the urban sector), to break away from agriculture, to help relatives with domestic tasks, or for marriage (Beegle and Poulin 2013;Bezu and Holden 2014;Isiugo-Abanihe 1985;Mberu 2006;Watts 1984;Yaqub 2009).…”

Section: Migration and Urban Youth Bulges In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant-based youth bulges and social conflict in urban sub-Saharan Africa

Oren¹

2020

DemRes

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BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced relatively high population growth, which raises concerns about the potential contribution of large young cohorts, termed 'youth bulges', to unrest. Youth bulges, under the right circumstances, can expand productivity and boost economic growth, but they have also been found to enable civil war, corruption, and democracy collapse, especially where resources are scarce. OBJECTIVE This paper considers youth bulges characterised by high proportions of rural-urban migrants and examines their effects on the likelihood of social conflict in urban sub-Saharan Africa between 1990 and 2013. METHODS United Nations data on urban and rural populations by age and sex is combined with the Social Conflict Analysis Database to create a cross-section time series dataset. Negative binomial models are used to examine the relationship between youth bulges and conflict using country level fixed effects. RESULTS The study finds that a migrant-based youth bulge does not increase the likelihood of urban social conflict in sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, female youth bulges, often neglected when studying conflict, are found to increase the likelihood of conflict. CONCLUSIONS The overall disassociation between young rural-urban migrants and social conflict is encouraging. All the same, women were found to play a role in conflict, and women should therefore be considered in future studies. CONTRIBUTION This article characterises the composition of youth bulges-an important factor that has previously been ignored-by examining whether youth bulges composed largely of

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Rural/Urban Population Age and Sex Composition in sub‐Saharan Africa 1980–2015

Cited by 26 publications

References 100 publications

Comparative Analysis of Pesticide Use Determinants Among Smallholder Farmers From Costa Rica and Uganda

Comparative Analysis of Pesticide Use Determinants Among Smallholder Farmers From Costa Rica and Uganda

Fertility Decline in Urban and Rural Areas of Developing Countries

Migrant-based youth bulges and social conflict in urban sub-Saharan Africa

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