Rural-urban spatial inequality in water and sanitation facilities in India: A cross-sectional study from household to national level

Chaudhuri, Sriroop; Roy, Mimi

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.05.003

Cited by 76 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the sanitation sector, especially within India, the differences between rural and urban contexts (O'Reilly and Louiss, 2014;Chaudhuri and Roy, 2017) and the characteristics of small towns have been previously explored (Sundaravadivel and Vigneswaran, 2001;Singh et al, 2015). However, there has been no study to date of the differences between mega and secondary cities in the WASH context.…”

Section: Comparing Small Scale Sanitation In Mega and Secondary Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Network Analysis for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Application in Governance of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in India Using a Novel Validation Methodology

Narayan

Fischer

Lüthi

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social network analysis (SNA) is a versatile and increasingly popular methodological tool to understand structures of relationships between actors involved in governance situations. Given the complexity of the set of stakeholders involved in the governance of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and the diversity of their interests, this article proposes SNA to the WASH sector. The use of SNA as an appropriate diagnostic tool for planning Citywide Inclusive Sanitation is explored. Missing data is a major problem for SNA in the studies of governance situations, especially in low-and middle-income countries. Therefore, a novel validation methodology for incomplete SNA data, relying on information from internal and external experts is proposed. SNA and the validation method is then applied to study the governance of decentralized wastewater treatment in four cities of India. The results corroborate key differences between mega and secondary cities in terms of institutions, community engagement and overall sanitation situation including aspects of decentralized wastewater treatment plants, based on the city types.

show abstract

Section: Comparing Small Scale Sanitation In Mega and Secondary Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Network Analysis for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Application in Governance of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in India Using a Novel Validation Methodology

Narayan

Fischer

Lüthi

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides health ramifications, it leads to school dropouts, which interferes with their cognitive development routines and thus limits future career opportunities. Lack of sustainable water supply services undermines the rural WaSH (Water–Sanitation–Hygiene) infrastructure to cause multiple social-health damages (Chaudhuri and Roy 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extent of spatial heterogeneity in RWSS coverage was assessed by agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Application of HCA is well documented in water resources assessment studies (Chaudhuri and Ale 2015; Chaudhuri and Roy 2017; Hadjisolomou et al 2018; Shrivaastava, Tandon, and Kumar 2015). In the present context, the governing idea was to ‘generalise’ states based on similarity (or dissimilarity) in RWSS coverage (for both 40 lpcd and 55 lpcd) so as to identify underlying zones (of high/low coverage).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The G values range between 0 (perfect equality) and 1 (perfect inequality) (Wagstaff et al 1991), with the following categories for G : <0.20—good equality; 0.20–0.30—fair equality; 0.30–0.40—reasonable equality; 0.40–50—high inequality; and >0.50—stark inequality (Fang, Zhu, and Deng 2013; Chaudhuri and Roy 2017). State-wise G values were mapped within GIS and tallied with HCA results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method essentially involved differences in habitation coverage between two consecutive years, normalised by the summation of the same. The BCDI is a non-metric (non-Euclidean) Manhattan index, which provides robust measures for a wide range of applications in ecology/environmental sciences (Chaudhuri and Roy 2017). It was computed between 2013 and 2018, by taking two years in a pair.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Water for All (Har Ghar Jal): Rural Water Supply Services (RWSS) in India (2013–2018), Challenges and Opportunities

Chaudhuri

Roy

McDonald

et al. 2020

International Journal of Rural Management

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sustainable delivery of drinking water of adequate quantity/quality sits at the core of rural development paradigms worldwide. The overarching goal of this study was to assess operational performance of rural water supply services (RWSS) in India to help authorities understand challenges/shortfalls vis-à-vis opportunities. Data on habitation-level coverage, aggregated by states between 2013 and 2018, were obtained from the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) database, against two water supply norms, namely, 40 lpcd and 55 lpcd (litres per capita per day). Results indicate that certain states are faring better (providing full coverage to over 90% habitations) while others are lagging (e.g., the north-eastern region, and Kerala and Karnataka in the South, for both norms). Several states yet fail to provide 55 lpcd to over half of their rural habitations. Overall, RWSS is marked by high spatial heterogeneity, inequality and recurrent slip-backs (decline in year-to-year habitation coverage) that thwart the basic motto of NRDWP— Har Ghar Jal (Water for All). Ground-level experience reveals a mismatch between theoretical systems’ output (40 lpcd and 55 lpcd) and on-site delivery, and highly intermittent services. Moreover, frequent scheme failure/abandonment adds to systems’ uncertainties and water users’ plight. A multitude of operational/organisational flaws, associated with government waterworks bodies, at different levels of systems’ hierarchy, limit RWSS operational performance. To that end, the concluding section argues for a demand-driven RWSS model (bottom-up systems’ governance) and highlights the core tenets of the same that call for integration of environmental, social, cultural, ethical and political perspectives in RWSS systems’ thinking/design.

show abstract

Toward a bioarchaeology of urbanization: Demography, health, and behavior in cities in the past

Betsinger

DeWitte

2021

American J Phys Anthropol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urbanization is one of the most important settlement shifts in human history and has been the focus of research within bioarchaeology for decades. However, there have been limited attempts to synthesize the results of these studies in order to gain a broader perspective on whether or how urbanization affects the biology, demography, and behavior of humans, and how these potential effects are embodied in the human skeleton. This paper outlines how bioarchaeology is well-suited to examine urbanization in the past, and we provide an overview and examples of three main ways in which urbanization is studied in bioarchaeological research: comparison of (often contemporaneous) urban and rural sites, synchronic studies of the variation that exists within and between urban sites, and investigations of changes that occur within urban sites over time. Studies of urbanization, both within bioarchaeology and in other fields of study, face a number of limitations, including a lack of a consensus regarding what urban and urbanization mean, the assumed dichotomous nature of urban versus rural settlements, the supposition that urbanization is universally bad for people, and the assumption (at least in practice) of homogeneity within urban and rural populations. Bioarchaeologists can address these limitations by utilizing a wide array of data and methods, and the studies described here collectively demonstrate the complex, nuanced, and highly variable effects of urbanization.

show abstract

Rural-urban spatial inequality in water and sanitation facilities in India: A cross-sectional study from household to national level

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

Social Network Analysis for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Application in Governance of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in India Using a Novel Validation Methodology

Social Network Analysis for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Application in Governance of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in India Using a Novel Validation Methodology

Water for All (Har Ghar Jal): Rural Water Supply Services (RWSS) in India (2013–2018), Challenges and Opportunities

Toward a bioarchaeology of urbanization: Demography, health, and behavior in cities in the past

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About