Russian Wheat Aphid Resistance in Barley: Inheritance and Linked Molecular Markers

Abstract

Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is an important pest of small grains cereals in many areas throughout the world. This research was conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance and to identify molecular markers of resistance in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines PI366444 and PI366453. Artificial infestation was performed in the field and growth chamber. Sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to determine plant genotypes. The PI366444 and PI366453 lines were intercrossed and each was also crossed with the susceptible cultivars Stark and Bearpaw. Allelism tests of F2 progeny showed that the resistant lines shared common or tightly linked resistance genes. Segregation ratios from crosses among resistant and susceptible plants, measured using F3 families, indicated that there were at least two resistance genes in both of the P1 lines. Two different regions in the barley genome were associated with RWA resistance genes. Variation for both leaf chlorosis and leaf rolling in F2 plants from crosses with both resistant lines was associated with the sequence‐tagged‐site (STS) PCR markers B‐hordein and D14 on the short arm of Chromosome 5. The STS‐PCR marker ABG8 on Chromosome 2 was associated with leaf rolling in one cross. Barley breeding programs throughout North America have devoted significant time and resources to backcrossing RWA resistance genes into acceptable cultivars. The molecular markers described in this report may assist barley breeding programs in introgression and fixation of linked resistance genes into useful germplasm.

The molecular bases of plant resistance and defense responses to aphid feeding: current status

“…In cereal crops, genes from barley, Hordeum vulgare L., rye, Secale cereale L., or wheat, Triticum aestivum L., confer resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Smith et al., 1999) and the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Teetes et al., 1999). Results with wheat (Liu et al., 2001, 2002, 2005) and barley (Nieto‐Lopez & Blake, 1994; Moharramipour et al., 1997) indicate that aphid resistance R gene loci are located on Triticeae homoeologous groups 1 and 7.…”

Identification of QTL underlying the resistance of soybean to pod borer, Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) obraztsov, and correlations with plant, pod and seed traits

“…Molecular markers associated with major insect resistance genes were reported in tomato (Maliepaard et al 1995;Mutschler et al 1996), wheat (NietoLopez andBlake 1994;Dweikat et al 1997), rice (Ishii et al 1994;Nair et al 1996), corn (Byrne et al 1996(Byrne et al , 1997, mungbean (Young et al 1992), potato (Bonierbale et al 1994;Yencho et al 1996) and soybean (Hammond et al 2001). Quantitative resistance to insect pests was found in soybean for traits like antixenosis, antibiosis and pubescence shape (Terry et al 2000;Narvel et al 2001).…”

Biotype Differences for Resistance to Russian Wheat Aphid in Barley

“…Further study indicated that the two CIMMYT lines, derived from the crosses Gloria/Come and ASE/2CM//B76BB, contained the same dominant gene . An additional QTL on 2H (Rdn3) was present in STARS9301B and in its resistant parent accession, and chlorosis ratings on STARS9301B are consistently one point lower than those of STARS9577B (Mittal et al, 2008(Mittal et al, , 2009Nieto-Lopez and Blake, 1994;Raman and Read, 2000). The RWA biotype USA1 has been used to examine the genetics of resistance in the first two lines extensively used to develop RWA resistant germplasm, STARS9301B and STARS9577B.…”