Russian wheat aphids: Breakfast, lunch, and supper. Feasting on small grains in South Africa

Botha, C. E. J.; Sacranie, Sattar Farouk; Gallagher, Stephen; Hill, Jaclyn M.

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2016.12.006

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The agricultural sector represents a major sector of the economy of most countries. Fruit, vegetables, and small grain cereals have become invaluable for agricultural development in sub-Saharan African countries due to their nutritional value and economic returns (Martin et al, 2018, Botha et al, 2017. Fresh crop production depends on factors such as climatic conditions, availability of water for irrigation and soil fertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose acetate/organoclay nanocomposites as controlled release matrices for pest control applications

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to develop cellulose-based polymer matrices as controlled release devices for plant-based insect repellents and attractants, with the aim of finding sustainable and environmentally friendly pest control methods for agricultural applications. Citronellol, terpineol and methyl salicylate were the selected active compounds for this study. Their compatibility with cellulose diacetate was predicted using Hansen Solubility Parameters, which predicted terpineol as the most compatible with cellulose diacetate, followed by methyl salicylate and citronellol. This was consistent with the plasticization efficiency trend from DMA results of solvent cast cellulose diacetate films containing the active compounds. The chemical identity of the films and cellulose diacetate-active compound intermolecular interactions were verified by FTIR. TGA demonstrated the thermal stability of cellulose diacetate/active compound/clay formulations at temperatures not exceeding 170 C. Cellulose diacetate/organoclay nanocomposite matrices containing the active compounds at 35 wt-% were prepared by twin screw extrusion compounding, with the active compounds also functioning as plasticizers. The amount of active compound in the strands was determined by solvent extraction and TGA. Both methods showed that small amounts of active compound were lost during the compounding process. SEM demonstrated the effect of organoclay on the internal morphology of the matrix, whereas TEM showed clay dispersion and intercalation within the matrix. The matrix served as a reservoir for the active compounds while simultaneously controlling their release into the environment. Release profiles, obtained through oven ageing at 40 C for 70 days, were fitted to existing Log-logistic and Weibull models, and novel Diffusion and Modified Weibull release models.Citronellol was released the fastest, followed by methyl salicylate and terpineol. The findings suggest that cellulose diacetate/organoclay strands are promising controlled-release matrices for pest control purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose acetate/organoclay nanocomposites as controlled release matrices for pest control applications

et al. 2022

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“…Currently, 17 genes (Dn1, to Dn10 along with Dnx, Dny, Dn1818, Dn2401, Dn2414, Dn62658 and Dn100695) conferring resistance to D. noxia have been reported from wild relatives of bread wheat [3], however, the resistance loci have not been mapped or characterised and the identity of these resistance genes, apart from Dn2401 [4] remains unknown. While D. noxia's fecundity and lifespan are diminished on resistant cultivars, they can continue to feed and reproduce on these hosts, albeit inducing reduced feeding symptoms [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-body transcriptome mining for candidate effectors from Diuraphis noxia

2022

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Background Proteins within aphid saliva play a crucial role as the molecular interface between aphids and their host plants. These salivary effectors modulate plant responses to favour aphid feeding and facilitate infestation. The identification of effectors from economically important pest species is central in understanding the molecular events during the aphid-plant interaction. The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia, Kurdjumov) is one such pest that causes devastating losses to wheat and barley yields worldwide. Despite the severe threat to food security posed by D. noxia, the non-model nature of this pest and its host has hindered progress towards understanding this interaction. In this study, in the absence of a salivary gland transcriptome, whole-body transcriptomics data was mined to generate a candidate effector catalogue for D. noxia. Results Mining the transcriptome identified 725 transcripts encoding putatively secreted proteins amongst which were transcripts specific to D. noxia. Six of the seven examined D. noxia putative effectors, termed DnE’s (Diuraphis noxia effectors) exhibited salivary gland-specific expression. A comparative analysis between whole-body D. noxia transcriptome data versus the head and body transcriptomes from three other aphid species allowed us to define a catalogue of transcripts putatively upregulated in D. noxia head tissue. Five of these were selected for RT-qPCR confirmation, and were found to corroborate the differential expression predictions, with a further three confirmed to be highly expressed in D. noxia salivary gland tissue. Conclusions Determining a putative effector catalogue for D. noxia from whole-transcriptome data, particularly the identification of salivary-specific sequences potentially unique to D. noxia, provide the basis for future functional characterisation studies to gain further insight into this aphid-plant interaction. Furthermore, due to a lack of publicly available aphid salivary gland transcriptome data, the capacity to use comparative transcriptomics to compile a list of putative effector candidates from whole-body transcriptomics data will further the study of effectors in various aphid species.

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“…The agricultural sector represents a major sector of the economy of most countries. Fruit, vegetables, and small grain cereals have become invaluable for agricultural development in sub-Saharan African countries due to their nutritional value and economic returns (Botha, Sacraine, Gallagher, & Hill, 2017;Martin et al, 2018). Fresh crop production depends on factors such as climatic conditions, availability of water for irrigation and soil fertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Diacetate/Organoclay Nanocomposites as Controlled Release Matrices for Pest Control Applications

Mphateng

Mapossa

Wesley-Smith

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study aimed to develop cellulose-based polymer matrices as controlled release devices for plant-based insect repellents and attractants, with the aim of finding sustainable and environmentally friendly pest control methods for agricultural applications. Citronellol, terpineol and methyl salicylate were the selected active compounds for this study. Their compatibility with cellulose diacetate was predicted using Hansen Solubility Parameters, which predicted terpineol as the most compatible with cellulose diacetate, followed by methyl salicylate and citronellol. This was consistent with the plasticization efficiency trend from DMA results of solvent cast cellulose diacetate films containing the active compounds. The chemical identity of the films and cellulose diacetate-active compound intermolecular interactions were verified by FTIR. TGA demonstrated the thermal stability of cellulose diacetate/active compound/clay formulations at temperatures not exceeding 170 °C. Cellulose diacetate/organoclay nanocomposite matrices containing the active compounds at 35 wt-% were prepared by twin screw extrusion compounding, with the active compounds also functioning as plasticizers. The amount of active compound in the strands was determined by solvent extraction and TGA. Both methods showed that small amounts of active compound were lost during the compounding process. SEM demonstrated the effect of organoclay on the internal morphology of the matrix, whereas TEM showed clay dispersion and intercalation within the matrix. The matrix served as a reservoir for the active compounds while simultaneously controlling their release into the environment. Release profiles, obtained through oven ageing at 40 °C for 70 days, were fitted to existing Log-logistic and Weibull models, and novel Diffusion and Modified Weibull release models. Citronellol was released the fastest, followed by methyl salicylate and terpineol. The findings suggest that cellulose diacetate/organoclay strands are promising controlled-release matrices for pest control purposes.

show abstract

Russian wheat aphids: Breakfast, lunch, and supper. Feasting on small grains in South Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 71 publications

Cellulose acetate/organoclay nanocomposites as controlled release matrices for pest control applications

Cellulose acetate/organoclay nanocomposites as controlled release matrices for pest control applications

Whole-body transcriptome mining for candidate effectors from Diuraphis noxia

Cellulose Diacetate/Organoclay Nanocomposites as Controlled Release Matrices for Pest Control Applications

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