Russina<i>et al.</i>Reply:

Russina, Margarita; Mezei, F.; Lechner, R. E.; Longeville, S.; Urban, B.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.5670

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…29 Finally, we found just one published paper giving refractive index data. 22 This paper complements two recently published ones by us, where we presented surface tension 16 and density 21 for the same systems presented here at 298.15 K. The goals of this work are to study the effects of the alkyl chain length of the sulfate anion in the electrical conductivity and also the influence of the solvent.…”

Section: ■ Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Electrical Conductivity of Seven Binary Systems Containing 1-Ethyl-3-methyl Imidazolium Alkyl Sulfate Ionic Liquids with Water or Ethanol at Four Temperatures

et al. 2013

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We present experimental measurements of specific electrical (or ionic) conductivity of seven binary systems of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium alkyl sulfate (EMIM-C(n)S) with water or ethanol. Electrical conductivity was measured at 298.15 K in all ranges of concentrations and selected mixtures also at 288.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K. The alkyl chains of the anions used are ethyl (EMIM-ES), butyl (EMIM-BS), hexyl (EMIM-HS), and, only for mixtures with ethanol, octyl (EMIM-OS). Let us note that the four ionic liquids (ILs) measured are miscible in water and ethanol at those temperatures and atmospheric pressure in all ranges of concentrations, but EMIM-OS jellifies for a given range of concentration with water. We compare the measured data in terms of the alkyl chain length and solvent nature. Data are compared with previously scarce results for these same systems and also for other aqueous and ethanol mixtures with ILs. In addition, we verify that our data fit the universal theoretical expression with no fitting parameters given by the pseudolattice-based Bahe-Varela model, except for IL concentrated mixtures. To fit well all ranges of concentrations, we add to the original equation two phenomenological terms with one fitting parameter each. Finally, we calculate the molar conductivity and fit it successfully with an expression derived from Onsager theory.

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Section: ■ Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Electrical Conductivity of Seven Binary Systems Containing 1-Ethyl-3-methyl Imidazolium Alkyl Sulfate Ionic Liquids with Water or Ethanol at Four Temperatures

et al. 2013

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“…31 Collective particle motion has also been inferred in time-of-flight neutron scattering measurements. 32 These observations, taken together, motivate our investigation of whether equilibrium polymerization, in particular, provides an appriopriate model for describing the dynamic heterogeneity of glass-forming liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Does equilibrium polymerization describe the dynamic heterogeneity of glass-forming liquids?

Douglas

Dudowicz

Freed

2006

The Journal of Chemical Physics

124

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A significant body of evidence indicates that particles with excessively high or low mobility relative to Brownian particles form in dynamic equilibrium in glass-forming liquids. We examine whether these "dynamic heterogeneities" can be identified with a kind of equilibrium polymerization. This correspondence is first checked by demonstrating the presence of a striking resemblance between the temperature dependences of the configurational entropy s(c) in both the theory of equilibrium polymerization and the generalized entropy theory of glass formation in polymer melts. Moreover, the multiple characteristic temperatures of glass formation are also shown to have analogs in the thermodynamics of equilibrium polymerization, supporting the contention that both processes are varieties of rounded thermodynamic transitions. We also find that the average cluster mass (or degree of polymerization) varies in nearly inverse proportionality to s(c). This inverse relation accords with the basic hypothesis of Adam-Gibbs that the number of particles in the cooperatively rearranging regions (CRR) of glass-forming liquids scales inversely to s(c) of the fluid. Our identification of the CRR with equilibrium polymers is further supported by simulations for a variety of glass-forming liquids that verify the existence of stringlike or polymeric clusters exhibiting collective particle motion. Moreover, these dynamical clusters have an exponential length distribution, and the average "string" length grows upon cooling according to the predictions of equilibrium polymerization theory. The observed scale of dynamic heterogeneity in glass-forming liquids is found to be consistent with this type of self-assembly process. Both experiments and simulations have revealed remarkable similarities between the dynamical properties of self-assembling and glass-forming liquids, suggesting that the development of a theory for the dynamics of self-assembling fluids will also enhance our understanding of relaxation in glass-forming liquids.

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“…This is in full agreement with the nano-structure observed and discussed for similar ionic liquids having an alkyl chain longer than butyl. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] It is commonplace in this field to use the Bragg's diffraction law d i = 2p/q i as an approximation to estimate the correlation distances d I and d II . Although a partitioning analysis by means of MD simulations has revealed that the X-ray diffraction pattern displayed by 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids consists of a complex combination of cation-cation, anion-anion, and cation-anion correlation functions that contribute positively and negatively to the total X-ray structure function, 41 the overall interpretation is that d I and d II are associated with the size of the non-polar and polar domains, respectively.…”

Section: The Sol-gel Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,20 Information on the structural evolution with time, however, is better investigated by X-ray scattering techniques, 21 which have already been employed to follow the growth of silica under classical ‡ sol-gel synthesis routes. To the best of our knowledge, although X-ray scattering has by now been extensively used to describe the nano-structure in a variety of ammonium and imidazolium based ionic liquids, [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] it has never been used as an in situ technique to follow the structural features of an ionic liquid during a sol-gel or any other chemical reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the ionic liquid C₆C₁ImTFSI in the sol–gel synthesis of silica studied using in situ SAXS and Raman spectroscopy

Nayeri

Nygård

Karlsson

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The sol-gel synthesis of a silica based ionogel using the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (C6C1ImTFSI) as the solvent has been followed in situ by combined μ-focused X-ray scattering and μ-Raman spectroscopy. By covering the momentum transfer range 0.2 < q < 30 nm(-1) we probe the evolution of the characteristic peaks of the ionic liquid, associated with the existence of polar and non-polar domains, as a function of reaction time. Our detailed analysis of the small angle X-ray scattered (SAXS) pattern reveals that the nano-structure of the ionic liquid is partially retained during the sol-gel synthesis, as indicated by the broader yet distinguishable SAXS signatures. We also observe that the signature associated with the non-polar and polar domains shift to higher and lower q-values, respectively. Interestingly, this behavior correlates with the evolution of the chemical composition of the sol as probed by Raman spectroscopy. More precisely, we observe that both the nano-structural changes and the production of polar molecules arrest at the point of gelation. This is rationalized by the tendency of the reagents and products of the sol-gel reaction to locate in different portions of the nano-structure of the ionic liquid.

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Russinaet al.Reply:

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Electrical Conductivity of Seven Binary Systems Containing 1-Ethyl-3-methyl Imidazolium Alkyl Sulfate Ionic Liquids with Water or Ethanol at Four Temperatures

Electrical Conductivity of Seven Binary Systems Containing 1-Ethyl-3-methyl Imidazolium Alkyl Sulfate Ionic Liquids with Water or Ethanol at Four Temperatures

Does equilibrium polymerization describe the dynamic heterogeneity of glass-forming liquids?

The role of the ionic liquid C₆C₁ImTFSI in the sol–gel synthesis of silica studied using in situ SAXS and Raman spectroscopy

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Russinaet al.Reply:

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Electrical Conductivity of Seven Binary Systems Containing 1-Ethyl-3-methyl Imidazolium Alkyl Sulfate Ionic Liquids with Water or Ethanol at Four Temperatures

Electrical Conductivity of Seven Binary Systems Containing 1-Ethyl-3-methyl Imidazolium Alkyl Sulfate Ionic Liquids with Water or Ethanol at Four Temperatures

Does equilibrium polymerization describe the dynamic heterogeneity of glass-forming liquids?

The role of the ionic liquid C6C1ImTFSI in the sol–gel synthesis of silica studied using in situ SAXS and Raman spectroscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The role of the ionic liquid C₆C₁ImTFSI in the sol–gel synthesis of silica studied using in situ SAXS and Raman spectroscopy