Rust fungi and global change

Helfer, Stephan

doi:10.1111/nph.12570

Cited by 154 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Incidence and severity was also significantly (P<0.01) influenced by crop developmental stage and cropping history (previous crop planted). Similar findings were reported by Lin (2011) and Helfer (2014). There was no significant contribution by other disease observed in the field to rust incidence and severity, indicating that the presence of other diseases had not effect on the prevalence of rust disease.…”

Section: Rust Disease Incidence and Severitysupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors that contribute to the distribution and prevalence of the bean rust disease include altitude, ecological zones and human activities (Helfer, 2014;Lin, 2011). Helfer (2014) and Liebenberg and Pretorius (2010) reported that abiotic factors such as temperature, high humidity and leaf surface moisture; and biotic factor such as rust disease host range contribute to the epidemiology of rust disease. According to Liebenberg and Pretorius (2010), temperatures favoring germination and infection of bean rust range from 17 to 21°C and a sharp decrease in number of pustules per leaf at incubation occurs when temperatures are between 21 to 25°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and variability of the common bean rust in Uganda

Odogwu¹,

Nkalubo²,

Mukankusi³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Uganda is the second largest producer of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Africa, but common bean rust caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers. Unger), is negatively impacting the production of the crop. There is little information on the occurrence and identity of the rust pathotypes present in the country. Consequently, a field survey was carried out during the 2015 second planting season in fifteen districts, representing the areas of high beans production in Uganda. High common bean rust incidence and severity were observed in the low altitudes and the South-Western Highlands of Uganda. Wakiso and Hoima districts had the highest rust disease incidence 72 and 76% respectively and severity rates of 6 and 5.5, respectively. Rust disease incidence was uniformly high on commercial genotypes and landraces. Similarly, high rust disease incidence and severity were observed in the bean-maizegroundnut cropping system. Twenty-three single rust isolates were collected in Uganda and inoculated on 11 bean rust differentials and Ouro Negro (Ur-14) genotypes. Six rust pathotypes were identified and these included 2-0, 4-0, 50-0, 5-1, 4-33 and 63-19. Five of the pathotypes were of Andean origin and only pathotype 4-33 was of Mesoamerican origin. The rust pathotype 63-19 showed similar pathogenic characteristics with the Puerto Rico rust race 19-63. This study provides critical baseline information to integrate breeding and crop protection in the efforts to develop an overall strategy for the management of common beans in Uganda.

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Section: Rust Disease Incidence and Severitysupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and variability of the common bean rust in Uganda

Odogwu¹,

Nkalubo²,

Mukankusi³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…Specific plant-pathogen interactions may be affected differently by high CO 2 , and any one interaction may be influenced by CO 2 levels in multiple ways. Increased CO 2 could influence plant disease resistance by altering the nutritional value of plant tissues, by modifying pathways involved in plant resistance, or by modulating pathogen vigor and virulence (Hibberd et al, 1996;Lake and Wade, 2009;Melloy et al, 2010Melloy et al, , 2014Helfer, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015). During longterm exposure to increases in CO 2 in an agronomic setting, secondary effects could result from changes in plant development or canopy density (Eastburn et al, 2010(Eastburn et al, , 2011.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High CO2 primes plant biotic stress defences through redox-linked pathways

Mhamdi

Noctor

2016

Plant Physiol.

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Industrial activities have caused tropospheric CO 2 concentrations to increase over the last two centuries, a trend that is predicted to continue for at least the next several decades. Here, we report that growth of plants in a CO 2 -enriched environment activates responses that are central to defense against pathogenic attack. Salicylic acid accumulation was triggered by high-growth CO 2 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and other plants such as bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). A detailed analysis in Arabidopsis revealed that elevated CO 2 primes multiple defense pathways, leading to increased resistance to bacterial and fungal challenge. Analysis of gene-specific mutants provided no evidence that activation of plant defense pathways by high CO 2 was caused by stomatal closure. Rather, the activation is partly linked to metabolic effects involving redox signaling. In support of this, genetic modification of redox components (glutathione contents and NADPH-generating enzymes) prevents full priming of the salicylic acid pathway and associated resistance by high CO 2 . The data point to a particularly influential role for the nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a cytosolic enzyme whose role in plants remains unclear. Our observations add new information on relationships between high CO 2 and oxidative signaling and provide novel insight into plant stress responses in conditions of increased CO 2 .

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“…-The rust (Uredinales or Pucciniales) and smut (Ustilaginomycotina) fungi are obligate biotrophs and exclusively pathogenic on vascular plants, including lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and most families of angiosperms (Begerow et al 2014, Helfer 2014. They are present in all modern terrestrial ecosystems containing plants.…”

Section: Comparison With Extant Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal sporulation in a Permian plant fragment from Antarctica

Harper¹,

Taylor²,

Walker³

et al. 2018

Bull. Geosci.

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Documented evidence of fungi from the Permian of Antarctica mostly consists of dispersed remains that do not provide the whole complement of diagnostic features necessary to determine even broad systematic affinities. A dense cluster of > 250 fungal spores occurs within a degraded vascular plant (probably glossopteridalean) fragment in Permian permineralized peat from Skaar Ridge, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Spores are spheroidal to ovoid, 50 µm in diameter, and possess a massive wall composed of three wall components (wc1-3); one or two canals extend from the spore lumen to the outside. The spores are embedded in a confluent meshwork of tenuous hyphae. Structural similarities exist between the fossil spores and spores produced by certain present-day Mucoromycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota; however, the precise systematic affinities of the fossils cannot be determined. The relationship between the spore producer and its also host plant remains unresolved. Nevertheless, the spatial arrangement of the spores within the plant structure suggests that the fungus required the host for sporulation, and perhaps even influenced plant development for this purpose. This discovery adds to the inventory of distinctive fungal fossils from the Permian of Antarctica and presents a new type of association/interaction between a Permian fungus and a vascular plant.• Key words: development, interaction, Glossopteris, parasitism, saprotrophism, spore wall. HARPER, C

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Rust fungi and global change

Cited by 154 publications

References 129 publications

Prevalence and variability of the common bean rust in Uganda

Prevalence and variability of the common bean rust in Uganda

High CO2 primes plant biotic stress defences through redox-linked pathways

Fungal sporulation in a Permian plant fragment from Antarctica

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