Rusty clusters?

Zirngibl, Johannes; Steger, Lion; Sattler, Patrick; Gasser, Oliver; Carle, Georg

doi:10.1145/3517745.3561440

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It collects IPv6 addresses from different sources and conducts scans for ICMP, TCP/80 (HTTP) and TCP/443 (HTTPS), UDP/53 (DNS) and UDP/443 (QUIC) on a regular basis. It was updated in 2022 by Zirngibl et al [5] to improve the quality of the service. Their hitlist holds over 1.09 billion unique IPv6 addresses.…”

Section: B Ipv6 Hitlist Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gasser et al [4] described aliased prefixes as subnets for which every contained address is mapped to and responded to by one single host, e.g., through the IP_FREEBIND feature of Linux. Zirngibl et al [5] showed that some of these prefixes are only fully responsive and used by multiple hosts. However, each of these prefixes (mostly /64) is infeasible to scan by itself and introduces massive biases of the hitlist.…”

Section: B Ipv6 Hitlist Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They report different response rates which are hardly comparable. In 2022, Zirngibl et al [5] applied four TGAs during their improvement of the IPv6 Hitlist. They find that 6Graph and 6Tree generate the highest number of responsive addresses but do not evaluate algorithms in more detail and different input scenarios.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This a very clear structure which has easy to detect patterns, ideal for discovery by TGAs. Addresses from this AS were first added to the hitlist via CT logs and the Bitnodes dataset [4] and their share drastically increased with the first usage of TGAs in the 2022 paper [5]. The high percentage of addresses from AS12322 in most candidate sets also explains their bias towards the ISP network category.…”

Section: B Target Generation Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most popular and commonly used IPv6 Hitlist by Gasser et al [4], [5] combines IPv6 addresses from different sources and performs regular scans to ensure reliable responsiveness. However, little is known about the current and historic composition of the IPv6 Hitlist, namely which categories of addresses it contains and whether there is a bias towards CPE devices, routers, or servers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Target Acquired? Evaluating Target Generation Algorithms for IPv6

Steger,

Kuang,

Zirngibl

et al. 2023

2023 7th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)

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Internet measurements are a crucial foundation of IPv6-related research. Due to the infeasibility of full address space scans for IPv6 however, those measurements rely on collections of reliably responsive, unbiased addresses, as provided e.g., by the IPv6 Hitlist service. Although used for various use cases, the hitlist provides an unfiltered list of responsive addresses, the hosts behind which can come from a range of different networks and devices, such as web servers, customer-premises equipment (CPE) devices, and Internet infrastructure.In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of tailoring hitlists in accordance with the research goal in question. By using PeeringDB we classify hitlist addresses into six different network categories, uncovering that 42% of hitlist addresses are in ISP networks. Moreover, we show the different behavior of those addresses depending on their respective category, e.g., ISP addresses exhibiting a relatively low lifetime. Furthermore, we analyze different Target Generation Algorithms (TGAs), which are used to increase the coverage of IPv6 measurements by generating new responsive targets for scans. We evaluate their performance under various conditions and find generated addresses to show vastly differing responsiveness levels for different TGAs.

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Section: B Ipv6 Hitlist Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Ipv6 Hitlist Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Target Generation Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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