Rusty river: Effects of tufa precipitation on sediment entrainment in the Estero Morales in the central Chilean Andes

Ravazzolo, Diego; Mao, Luca; Escauriaza, Cristián; Pastén, Pablo; Montecinos, Mauricio

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.287

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…However, the reference value may slightly vary as conditions for incipient motion of sediment in rivers depend on a variety of physical factors, such as turbulence, grain size, slope, and relative submergence being commonly assessed as the most important ones (Bathurst et al., 1987; Lee & Balachandar, 2012). Indeed, several studies (e.g., Buffington & Montgomery, 1997; Bunte et al., 2013; Ravazzolo et al., 2019) reported values ranging from 0.03 to 0.06. In this study, we showed that sand addition exerts a substantial effect on sediment incipient motion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrograph Shape Impact on Sand Infiltration and Sediment Transport Dynamics in Gravel‐Bed Rivers

Ravazzolo

Mao

Friedrich

2022

Water Resources Research

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A wide range of sediment grain sizes (from fine sand to pebbles) can be found in gravel-bed rivers. In fully alluvial systems, most of the size fractions (often differentiated into fine and coarse grains) can be actively transported during flood events. Sediment can be transported as bedload, suspended load, or can migrate inside the bed layer. For coarse grain sizes, the predominant transport process is bedload, whereas the influence of suspended load is negligible. In addition to bedload, fine grains can also be transported within the water column, by being kept in suspension by turbulence generated near the channel bed. The resultant turbulent flow must be equal or exceed the particle fall velocity to sustain suspended sediment load. Mobility and composition of the bed (e.g., grain size distribution, porosity) can change drastically during a flood event. In this gravel-bed study, we consider sand being transported as bedload only. Coarse grains can create interstitial spaces (pore space), that finer grains can occupy. The porosity of a channel bed will thus depend on the size and the heterogeneity of a sediment mixture (Standish & Borger, 1979). Two different processes govern the infiltration of sand for a gravel matrix, namely static sorting and kinetic sieving. Static sorting of sand into an immobile gravel framework Abstract Sand (i.e., < 2 mm) infiltration into a gravel bed is recognized to affect sediment dynamics of coarser fractions (i.e., entrainment and transport rate), near-bed velocities, bed morphology, and to pose significant engineering and ecological issues. Local hydraulics, sediment dynamics, and sand infiltration into the gravel matrix are related and mutually affect each other in gravel-bed rivers. However, relatively little research has been done to explore sediment dynamics and sand infiltration in a mobile gravel-bed under unsteady flow conditions. In the present study, we experimentally simulated three hydrographs of different durations of rising and falling limbs, and monitored sand infiltration over beds with a coarse and a fine grain size distribution. Results confirmed that the addition of sand enhances sediment dynamics. Moreover, the shape of the rising limb of the hydrograph was responsible for altering identified sand infiltration processes and bedload rate. Short time-to-peak floods (i.e., short time from the start to the peak of the hydrograph) experienced higher sediment transport rates during the falling limb than the rising limb of the hydrograph, favoring sand infiltration. In contrast, long time-to-peak floods (i.e., long time from the start to the peak of the hydrograph) experienced higher sediment transport rates during the rising limb than the falling limb of the hydrograph, resulting in reduced sand infiltration.Plain Language Summary Understanding how sediment is transported during floods is important, as their movement affects channel morphology and river ecology. Fine sediment can infiltrate gravel bed-rivers, a process that depends on the local hydraulics, the size...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrograph Shape Impact on Sand Infiltration and Sediment Transport Dynamics in Gravel‐Bed Rivers

Ravazzolo

Mao

Friedrich

2022

Water Resources Research

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“…Having specified the unique color characteristics of the karst lakes, we took the average of the water quality data measured at different layers of various sampling points as values for the lake. The calcite saturation index (SI C ) can be obtained via the earth chemical simulation software PHREEQC [56,57]. The equation is as follows:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Color Formation Mechanism of the Blue Karst Lakes in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2020

Water

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The karst lakes in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve are an integral part of the karst lake landscape, yet research on the formation mechanism for the color of the blue-green lakes in Jiuzhaigou is insufficient. With the help of hyperspectral instruments, coupled with hydro-chemical analysis, this paper elaborates on the unique color characteristics of the Jiuzhaigou karst lakes, delves into the color formation mechanism of the lakes, establishes a regression equation for the color of the lakes as well as the water quality parameters, and sheds light upon the causes for the color distinction between the karst lakes in Jiuzhaigou and the plateau freshwater lakes. The experiment shows that the Jiuzhaigou karst lakes are primarily blue and green, while the proportion of short-wavelength light in the normalized water-leaving radiance and the total incident irradiance of lake water is higher. Based on the redundancy analysis and the correlation analysis, travertine deposition is the core link in the color formation of the blue karst lakes in Jiuzhaigou, while the selective reflection and scattering of the suspended calcium carbonate particulate matters towards visible light represents the optical foundation for the formation. In addition, physical factors such as depth and transparency, changes to the water quality parameters that affect the travertine deposition rate, and the eutrophication process will all exert significant influence over the formation. By building on water-leaving radiance, this paper quantifies the lake color with the tristimulus values (R, G, B) via colorimetrical methods, which features solid goodness of fit with the linear regression equation established based on the water quality parameters. The principal component analysis and colorimetrical analysis show that the color of the karst lakes in Jiuzhaigou varies substantially from that of the plateau freshwater lakes, which mainly results from the difference in the water quality. Research conducted in this paper on the color formation mechanism of the distinct blue karst lakes in Jiuzhaigou illuminates the formation and maintenance mechanism of the plateau karst lakes, which is conducive to better understanding towards the relationship between the water quality and colors of the karst lakes, and provides scientific proof for the establishment of the water quality assessment indicator system based on the colors of the karst lakes.

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“…Natrium karbonat biasanya terjadi secara alami di daerah (236) kering terutama endapan material (batuan evaporit) yang akan terbentuk ketika danau musiman mengalami penguapan. Endapan (92)(93)(94)(95)…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Natrium Karbonat : Termodinamika dan Transport Ion

Jumalia¹,

Zainul²

2019

Preprint

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Natrium Karbonat merupakan salah satu garam natrium dari asam karbonat yang bersifat higroskospis. Natrium Karbonat biasanya dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan kaca. Sintesis Natrium karbonat dapat dilakukan dengan proses Leblanc dan Solvay. Tujuan dari review ini untuk mengetahui termodinamika dan transport ion pada senyawa natrium karbonat. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur menggunakan endnote X7, pemodelan komputasi menggunakan ChemOffice 15.0, dan perhitungan matematis. Metode dengan studi literatur dapat dilihat pada fishbone. Metode menggunakan ChemOffice 15.0, pada minimize energy dihasilkan energi -271.9263 kcal/mol pada suhu optimum dengan bend nya yaitu 4.4521. Pada metode perhitungan matematis ada beberapa parameter transport ion yang dapat dihitung yaitu konduktivitas, viskositas, mobilitas ion, dan kecepatan hanyut. Parameter ini selain didapatkan dari perhitungan matematis juga dari data hasil review jurnal penelitian yang berkaitan. Hasil perhitungan pada konduktivitas yaitu 0,07905 x 10-8 mho/cm. Nilai viskositas natrium karbonat yaitu . Kelarutan natrium karbonat anhidrat pada suhu 20OC yaitu 2.533 g/cm3 .Sifat termokimia pada natrium karbonat ini yaitu Cp, So, ΔfHo ,ΔfG, masing-masing bernilai 109,2 J/mol·K; 136,4 J/mol·K; -1131 kJ/mol ; -1047,5 kJ/mol.

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Rusty river: Effects of tufa precipitation on sediment entrainment in the Estero Morales in the central Chilean Andes

Cited by 8 publications

References 63 publications

Hydrograph Shape Impact on Sand Infiltration and Sediment Transport Dynamics in Gravel‐Bed Rivers

Hydrograph Shape Impact on Sand Infiltration and Sediment Transport Dynamics in Gravel‐Bed Rivers

The Color Formation Mechanism of the Blue Karst Lakes in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China

Natrium Karbonat : Termodinamika dan Transport Ion

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