Ruthenium-driven catalysis for sustainable water decontamination: a review

Revisiting the Electron Transfer Mechanisms in Ru(III)-Mediated Advanced Oxidation Processes with Peroxyacids and Ferrate(VI)

“…Ruthenium (Ru)-based catalysts have been extensively investigated for electrochemical systems for carbon dioxide reduction and water splitting . Recently, Ru­(III) and Ru-based materials, in combination with various oxidants (e.g., permanganate, periodate, peracetic acid (PAA), ferrate­(VI)), also emerge as promising metal activators in water decontamination AOPs . Compared with other Fenton-like AOPs, Ru­(III)-based systems exhibit several remarkable advantages: (i) Ru-AOPs usually achieve satisfactory oxidant efficiency at circumneutral pHs, − overcoming the pH restriction of other Fenton-like AOPs (e.g., Fe-AOPs) ,,− ; (ii) Ru-AOPs resist the inhibition effect of phosphate buffer that commonly observed in Fe- and Co-AOPs due to complexation with metals ,, ; and (iii) unlike Fe- and Mn-AOPs that are easily terminated by the formation of inactive Fe­(III) and Mn­(IV) species, , Ru­(III) could be recycled in the AOP systems because active Ru­(III) could be reformed during Ru­(IV)/Ru­(V) oxidation of micropollutants .…”