Ruthenium nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers for the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol

Hydrodechlorination activity of catalysts based on nitrogen-doped carbons from low-density polyethylene

“…As can be observed, those catalysts exhibit Pd nanoparticles mainly between 2 and 10 nm, with distributions that can be considered equivalent. The catalysts prepared from NDC showed a lower prevalence of oversized nanoparticles (>20 nm), which is in agreement with works in the literature concluding that the introduction of heteroatoms into the carbon network, improves control of the size deposited metallic particles and their stability [12,40]. However, the weight contribution of such oversized nanoparticles was calculated as lower than 1% and no significant effects on catalytic activity are expected from them.…”

“…In catalysis, NDCs used as supports have enhanced the activity in several reactions such as hydrogenation, oxidation or photocatalysis, among others [11][12][13]. This has been related to several factors: the presence of nitrogen into the carbon network could favor a high dispersion of the metal on the support by driving the nucleation of the active phase to nitrogen-neighboring carbon atoms, thus controlling nanoparticles size [7,12]; the higher conductivity of the support caused by the excess of electrons introduced by nitrogen in the carbon network may improve the reactivity in electron-transfer processes [8,12]; the insertion of nitrogen into the carbon network produces changes in the acid-base properties of the surface, since the excess of electrons increases the basicity [12,14]. Different methods have been used to prepare NDCs, such as ammonia treatment of the carbon at high temperature [15], chemical vapor deposition on metal seeds [16] or solvothermal reduction of carbon and nitrogen precursors [7].…”

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: To the mechanism of growth, electrical conductivity and application in catalysis

“…However, in some works the use of N-CNMs did not change the size of supported metallic particles [98,[112][113][114][115][116][117][118]. For example, size of the 1-3%Pt or 1-3%Pd particles on N-CNFs (5 wt.% N) did not decrease as compared with CNFs [113,114].…”

“…in the oxygen reduction reaction. Thus, in a study of N-CNMs, a possible contribution of metal impurities to the activity should be carefully excluded by additional elucidation of the proper activity of such metals [90,93,95,96] and the presence of metals on the N-CNM surface [90,91] or, in the case of liquid-phase catalysis, by the analysis of solutions for the content of metals [98].…”

Preparation of amino functionalized imidazolium-modified silicas by different coupling agents for removal of 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions

“…Up to now, various methods such as catalytic oxidation, photooxidation, electrochemical oxidation, ultrafiltration and adsorption have been proposed to remove phenolic compounds from wastewater (Wiśniewski et al 2012;Zhang et al 2012;Feng et al 2015;Ayusheev et al 2014;Hurwitz et al 2014). Among these proposed methods, adsorption is an effective method for the removal of phenolic compounds from wastewater due to its simplicity and easy operation process.…”