Rutilariaceae redefined: a review of fossil bipolar diatom genera with centrally positioned linking structures, with implications for the origin of pennate diatoms

Witkowski, Jakub; Sims, Pat; Harwood, David M.

doi:10.1080/09670262.2011.629685

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…More recently, Witkowski et al. (), in a morphological survey of the family of fossil diatoms Rutilariaceae suggested a number of valve characters (including distinctive pore fields at valve apices, well‐developed marginal spines/structures and external, cribrate occlusions over the valve pores) point to a potential sister relationship with the Cymatosiraceae.…”

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confidence: 99%

Towards a multigene phylogeny of the Cymatosiraceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) I: novel taxa within the subfamily cymatosiroideae based on molecular and morphological data

Dąbek

Ashworth

Witkowski

et al. 2017

Journal of Phycology

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The family Cymatosiraceae, composed of two subfamilies (Cymatosiroideae and Extubocelluloideae), are elongate, non-pennate diatoms and are commonly reported in marine planktonic and benthic assemblages all over the world. The combination of the gross bilateral symmetry of the frustule and radial symmetry of the valve poration, distinct pore fields at the valve apices and DNA sequence data place this family in the controversial diatom class Mediophyceae, sister to the pennate diatoms. The relationships of the Cymatosiraceae within the Mediophyceae, and the monophyly of the two cymatosiroid subfamilies, have become less stable with the addition of new DNA sequence data. In this paper, we examined 24 cymatosiraceaen strains, including the new taxa Lambertocellus africana (Dąbek & Witkowski) Dąbek, Witkowski & Ashworth comb. nov., Leyanella probus Ashworth, Dąbek & Witkowski sp. nov., and Leyanella pauciporis Ashworth, Dąbek & Park sp. nov. to create the most complete molecular phylogeny of the Cymatosiraceae to date, using a three-gene (SSU, rbcL and psbC) data set. The results of the phylogenetic analysis supported the monophyly of the Cymatosiraceae, but not the monophyly of the subfamilies Cymatosiroideae and Extubocelluloideae. The phylogenetic analysis also suggested a close relationship of the Cymatosiraceae to the family Eupodiscaceae. The phylogenetic results have lead us to re-evaluate the taxonomy of L. africana, which is sister to Cymatosira lorenziana rather than Minutocellus as suggested in the original description.

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Towards a multigene phylogeny of the Cymatosiraceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) I: novel taxa within the subfamily cymatosiroideae based on molecular and morphological data

Dąbek

Ashworth

Witkowski

et al. 2017

Journal of Phycology

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“…The Pennales were assumed by Russian scholars to originate from ancient representatives of the Mediales, which was assumed to be an intermediate group. Recognition of the Mediophyceae has reignited and sharpened the discussion on separation of centric and pennate diatoms 9 , 41 , 42 . The question centres on significance of morphological duality.…”

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Ardissonea crystallina has a type of sexual reproduction that is unusual for centric diatoms

Давидович

Давидович²,

Podunay³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Molecular phylogenetic analyses place Ardissonea crystallina (C. Agardh) Grunow and all Toxariids among the bi- and multipolar centric diatoms, almost always recovered as a derived lineage sister to Lampriscus. In all centrics where sexual reproduction has been documented, oogamy, with larger immobile eggs and smaller flagellated sperm has been observed. We were able to initiate both homothallic and heterothallic reproduction in A. crystallina. The heterothallic reproduction turned out to be non-oogamous; gametes were more or less equal in size but no flagellated cells were detected. At the same time, two mating types (“male” and “female”) were recognized by the distinct morphology and behaviour of the gametes. While no flagella were observed, periodically thin cytoplasmic projections arose on the surface of the “male” gametes. These projections similar to those found in some pennate diatoms facilitated contact with the “female” cells. In each gametangial cell, regardless of the mating type, only one gamete was formed. Thus, the Toxariids may represent a unique evolutionary group, at least in respect to their reproductive biology. The hypothesis discussed is that non-oogamous mode of reproduction could have evolved in Ardissonea (and possibly in other Toxariids) independently of the pennate lineage of diatoms.

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Oldest Fossil Records of Marine Protists and the Geologic History Toward the Establishment of the Modern-Type Marine Protist World

Suzuki

Oba

2015

Marine Protists

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The oldest marine protist fossil goes back 1.8 Ga (Statherian, Paleoproterozoic), and the oldest dinosterane biomarkers 1.6 Ga (Calymmian, Mesoproterozoic). The probable heterotrophic agglutinated microfossil appeared when marine metazoans appeared in the Ediacaran. Multichambered foraminifers appeared around the start of biomineralization in Small Shelly Fossils in the early Cambrian. The fi rst fossilizable radiolarian polycystine is likely to have appeared in the period of the Cambrian Explosion. After the initial appearance period, the emergence of fossilizable skeleton formative ability was concentrated in fi ve short geological time intervals: (1) the Middle to Late Devonian for calcareous benthic foraminifers; (2) the Carnian to the Rhaetian (Triassic) for the "switching on" of fossilizable dinofl agellate cysts, nannoliths, coccoliths and calcareous cysts, and probably the molecular appearance of diatoms; (3) the Toarcian-Aalenian Ages for diversifi ed dinofl agellates and coccolithophores, the establishment of symbiosis in radiolarian Acantharia and the appearance of planktic lifestyle in foraminifers; (4) the Albian-Maastrichtian Ages for the rapid accumulation of coccolithophores, the start of skeletogenesis both in silicofl agellates and marine centric diatoms, molecular appearance of both araphid and raphid diatoms, and the appearance of fossilizable araphid diatoms; and (5) the middle to late Eocene for the appearance of fossilizable raphid diatoms and radiolarian colonial collodarians and the continuous occurrences of ebridians. The establishment of the modern-type marine protist world was concluded in the late Eocene by the appearance of collodarians, the continuous occurrences of ebridians, and the substituted silicon precipitation marine protists as diatoms.

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Rutilariaceae redefined: a review of fossil bipolar diatom genera with centrally positioned linking structures, with implications for the origin of pennate diatoms

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Towards a multigene phylogeny of the Cymatosiraceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) I: novel taxa within the subfamily cymatosiroideae based on molecular and morphological data

Towards a multigene phylogeny of the Cymatosiraceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) I: novel taxa within the subfamily cymatosiroideae based on molecular and morphological data

Ardissonea crystallina has a type of sexual reproduction that is unusual for centric diatoms

Oldest Fossil Records of Marine Protists and the Geologic History Toward the Establishment of the Modern-Type Marine Protist World

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