Rutting and Moisture Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Polymer and Polyphosphoric Acid Modified Bitumen

Orange, G.; Martin, Jean-Valery; Menapace, A M; Hemsley, Mike; Baumgardner, Gaylon L.

doi:10.1080/14680629.2004.9689975

Cited by 55 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Among the different acids that can be used to improve bitumen properties through chemical modification, polyphosphoric acid (PPA) has been studied in numerous papers and patent publications [172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185]. From a chemical point of view PPA is an oligomer of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), with no free water, which may have more than 10 repeating units [122].…”

Section: Ppa-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bitumen and Bitumen Modification: A Review on Latest Advances

et al. 2019

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This synthesis explores the state-of-the-knowledge and state-of-the-practice regarding the latest updates on polymer-modified bitumens (PmBs). The information in this study was gathered from a thorough review of the latest papers in the literatures related to modified bituminous materials, technologies, and advances. For this purpose, the paper is presented in two principle sections. In the first part, the bitumen itself is investigated in terms of chemical structure and microstructural systems. In the second part, the paper focuses on bitumen modification from different aspects for assessing the effectiveness of the introduced additives and polymers for enhancing the engineering properties of bitumen in both paving and industrial applications. In conclusion, the knowledge obtained in this study has revealed the importance of the chemical composition of base bitumen for its modification. It can be declared that while some polymers/additives can improve one or some aspects of neat bitumen properties, they can lead to compatibility problems in storage and production. In this respect, several studies showed the effectiveness of waxes for improving the compatibility of polymers with bitumen in addition to some benefits regarding warm mix asphalt (WMA) production.

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Section: Ppa-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more detailed description can be found in [4,122,186]. From a thermal and rheological point of view bitumen/PPA blends [185][186][187][188] have shown an increased high-temperature performance with no significant changes in the low-temperature ones. It has been also found that PPA can improve the storage stability of PmBs.…”

Section: Ppa-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitumen and Bitumen Modification: A Review on Latest Advances

et al. 2019

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“…Although the hydrophilic nature of PPA challenges the moisture resistance of bitumen modified with PPA, there are studies indicating that the addition of PPA to bitumen results in mixes with less sensitivity to moisture damage. 6 Our recent studies have also confirmed the improved moisture resistance of bitumen-containing PPA, though the duration of the improvement is short. In terms of different dosages of PPA, Hossain et al showed that higher amounts of PPA make asphalt binders more susceptible to moisture damage.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Moreover, PPAmodified bitumen has been shown to have better lowtemperature properties compared to air-blown bitumen. 6 Despite PPA's acidic nature, the antioxidative characteristic of PPA causes improved resistance to aging for PPA-modified bitumen. 5 The improved aging resistance of PPA-modified bitumen was also noted by De Filippis et al 7 H-NMR results confirm the oxidation stability of PPA-modified bitumen; this is evidenced by a decrease in the content of α-H after PPA modification, since these H atoms are associated with susceptibility to oxidation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding How Polyphosphoric Acid Changes Bitumen’s Response to Water Exposure

Mousavi

Rajib

Hung

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Polyphosphoric acid (PPA) has commonly been added to bitumen to increase bitumen’s stiffness and elasticity. However, the effect of PPA on bitumen properties is highly affected by the environment as well as interaction between PPA and other bitumen modifiers. Among the external factors affecting PPA’s efficacy are environmental factors such as moisture and ultraviolet exposure. This paper presents a multiscale approach to examine the effect of moisture conditioning on PPA-modified bitumen. To understand how water molecules moderate the role of PPA in bitumen, we used computational modeling with density functional theory (DFT), along with laboratory experiments. Based on the DFT results, shortening the chain length of PPA, due to water exposure, reduces the networking effect of PPA oligomers in the bitumen matrix, negatively affecting the elasticity of the PPA-modified bitumen. Our DFT results show that the interaction energy between PPA and a quinoline-resin representative molecule of bitumen decreased from −70.8 to −33.6 kcal/mol; this was attributed to a reduction in PPA’s chain length from seven to two repeating units. The latter was reflected in PPA-modified bitumen’s elasticity (G*/sinδ) decreasing from 6.1 to 3.0 kPa after exposure to water for 100 h. Water conditioning also affected the elasticity of unmodified bitumen (without PPA), but the trend was in the opposite direction; after 100 h water exposure, unmodified bitumen’s elasticity (G*/sinδ) increased from 2.0 to 2.7 kPa. This increase was attributed to the formation of molecular clusters in the bitumen matrix. This was further supported by our DFT results demonstrating that intermolecular attraction is greater for water-grafted asphaltene planes than for pristine asphaltene planes, as shown by the spacing of a water-grafted asphaltene dimer at 5.8 Å being significantly lower than that of a pristine asphaltene dimer at 7.12 Å. The study outcome provides insights into precautions to be taken with PPA-modified bituminous composites used in humid and high-precipitation regions.

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“…Lately, PPA-modified bitumen has been used in significant volumes in roadway construction to increase bitumen viscosity and reduce its deformation in summer temperatures under repeated traffic load. 1 The PPA-induced chemical reaction(s) that lead to the increase in bitumen viscosity have been the subject of some work, [2][3][4] but the complexity of bitumen composition does not lend itself easily to the investigation of detailed chemical reactions. Consequently, we have used bitumen model compounds to investigate the possible reactions between bitumen and PPA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR Study of the Reaction of Polyphosphoric Acid and Model Bitumen Sulfur Compounds

Masson

Collins

2008

Energy Fuels

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Bitumen is a complex mixture of alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, and substituted fused aromatics that contain a number of heteroatomic functional groups. To improve its properties, bitumen is often modified with an additive that may or may not be reactive. Polyphosphoric acid (PPA) is a reactive additive used to increase the viscosity of bitumen in summer temperatures. Given the complexity of bitumen, the nature of its reaction with PPA is in many respects unclear. To better understand the reactions between bitumen and polyphosphoric acid, we have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography to study the reaction of model bitumen sulfur compounds. We have used saturated, aromatic, and oxidized sulfides, the most common forms of sulfur in bitumen. Only the oxidized sulfide, the sulfoxide group, was found to react upon heating with PPA. This work concludes with a comparison of the relative reactivity of PPA with model functional groups that contain nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and its incidence on the possible reactivity of oxidized and unoxidized bitumens with PPA.

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Rutting and Moisture Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Polymer and Polyphosphoric Acid Modified Bitumen

Cited by 55 publications

References 5 publications

Bitumen and Bitumen Modification: A Review on Latest Advances

Bitumen and Bitumen Modification: A Review on Latest Advances

Understanding How Polyphosphoric Acid Changes Bitumen’s Response to Water Exposure

FTIR Study of the Reaction of Polyphosphoric Acid and Model Bitumen Sulfur Compounds

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