RWA scheme minimizing FWM effect in a wide area optical network

Modeling FWM and impairments aware amplifiers placement technique for an optical MAN/WAN: Inline amplifiers case

“…Among these signals, the most troublesome are the frequencies corresponding to case f ijk ¼ f i þ f j À f k . The power of FWM components denoted as P ijk on a link can be expressed as [1][2][3][4].…”

“…The basic model [1][2][3][4]10] that further used to make a generalized expression for calculation of four wave mixing in presence of amplifiers is given below:…”

“…The in-band FWM components [3,7,9,11] shown in Fig. 1 deteriorate performance [2,12] and act as crosstalk to individual channel. So evaluations and proposal for encompassing [2,5,6,16] of such impairments in optical networks are very important.…”

“…1 deteriorate performance [2,12] and act as crosstalk to individual channel. So evaluations and proposal for encompassing [2,5,6,16] of such impairments in optical networks are very important. Different models are available to calculate four wave mixing for a system without amplifiers [1][2][3][4] and with amplifiers, placed at equal inter amplifier separations [3].…”

“…Unlike other model [3], it has uniqueness that it also works for unequal inter amplifier separations on direct substitutions of parameters. The model is validated by comparing its results with the experimental measured data [2]. A fair comparison among three schemes and their implementation have been given for a metropolitan area network with regenerative optical network units (ONU).…”