Ryegrass Versus Corn Starch or Beet Pulp Fiber Diet Effects on Digestion and Intestinal Amino Acids in Dairy Cows

Vuuren, A.M. van; Koelen, C.J. van der; Bruin, J. Vroons-de

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77605-5

Cited by 52 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The reductions in digestibility seen on HN and LN diets (3.7 and 5.9 percentage units, respectively) were higher than those of 2.0-2.5 percentage units reported by van Vuuren et al ( 1993) and Carruthers et al (1997) even though the level of supplementation in the present experiment was well below that of the corn starch and beet fibre supplements, which were at about 44% of the diet DM.…”

Section: N Intakecontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…The reduction in total tract N digestibility seen on supplemented compared with unsupplemented pastures has been reported previously with the same NSC supplementation on pasture containing 23% CP (Carruthers et al 1997) and for pasture containing 18% CP supplemented with corn starch or beet fibre (van Vuuren et al 1993). The reductions in digestibility seen on HN and LN diets (3.7 and 5.9 percentage units, respectively) were higher than those of 2.0-2.5 percentage units reported by van Vuuren et al ( 1993) and Carruthers et al (1997) even though the level of supplementation in the present experiment was well below that of the corn starch and beet fibre supplements, which were at about 44% of the diet DM.…”

Section: N Intakementioning

confidence: 72%

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Milk production and ruminal metabolites from cows offered two pasture diets supplemented with non‐structural carbohydrate

Carruthers¹,

Neil²

1997

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The effects on milk solids production, ruminal metabolites, and microbial protein synthesis of four pasture-based diets were investigated. Two pastures (high or low nitrogen content (HN, LN) each with and without nonstructural carbohydrate supplementation (+NSC, -NSC, at 10% of metabolisable energy intake) were offered to eight stall held, rumen-fistulated Friesian cows during four 14-day periods in early to mid lactation in a Latin square design. HN and LN pastures contained 2.8 and 2.1% N, respectively. Total daily dry matter intakes averaged 15.6, 14.5, 15.3, and 14.3 kg on HN+NSC, HN-NSC, LN+NSC, and LN-NSC, respectively. NSC supplementation had no effect on milk and milk fat yields but increased milk protein yield by 0.04 kg/ day on HN pasture. Yields of milk, fat, and protein were higher on HN than LN pasture but microbial protein synthesis (MPS, g N/day) was not affected by type of pasture. MPS and efficiency of MPS (g N/kg digestible organic matter intake) were increased by NSC supplementation on HN pasture but not on LN pasture. Ruminal ammonia concentration and total tract N digestibility were reduced by NSC supplementation on both pastures and were lower on LN compared with HN pasture. The results indicated that pasture type affected response to NSC supplementation and that on HN but not LN pasture NSC supplementation improved N utilisation in the rumen and increased milk protein output. A97013

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Section: N Intakecontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: N Intakementioning

confidence: 72%

Milk production and ruminal metabolites from cows offered two pasture diets supplemented with non‐structural carbohydrate

Carruthers¹,

Neil²

1997

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…The results summarized in Table 1 also show that the ruminal NH 3 -N decreases with energy supplementation (Van Vuuren et al, 1993;Berzaghi et al, 1996;Carruthers and Neil, 1997;O'Mara et al, 1997;Jones-Endsley et al, 1997;Reis and Combs, 2000;Bargo et al, 2002), which suggests a higher NH 3 -N utilization for microbial protein synthesis (Berzaghi et al, 1996;Carruthers and Neil, 1997;O'Mara, 1997).…”

Section: Strategies To Improve N Use Efficiency In Grazing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Cows consuming only pasture had a NUE of 21.0 ± 6.1% while supplemented grazing cows improved their NUE, storing in the milk 24.6 ± 3.8% of the ingested N, showing a positive effect of CHO supplementation on NUE (Van Vuuren et al, 1993;Berzaghi et al, 1996;Carruthers and Neil, 1997;Robaina et al, 1998;Reis and Combs, 2000;Walker et al, 2001;Bargo et al, 2002;Steinshamn et al, 2006). This improvement may be due to a decrease in CP content of the diet and to an increase of microbial protein synthesis.…”

Section: Strategies To Improve N Use Efficiency In Grazing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This improvement may be due to a decrease in CP content of the diet and to an increase of microbial protein synthesis. However, it is important to highlight that the improvement of NUE as a response to CHO supplementation occurs mainly when the pasture has a CP content higher than 200 g kg -1 (Van Vuuren et al, 1993;Berzaghi et al, 1996;Reis and Combs, 2000;Bargo et al, 2002); whereas with a lower CP content the effects are less important (Carruthers and Neil, 1997;O'Mara et al, 1997;Robaina et al, 1998;Walker et al, 2001;Steinshamn et al, 2006). Nevertheless, the highest reported values of NUE under grazing conditions are still lower than the ones obtained with cows fed total mixed rations (TMR), indicating that despite CHO supplementation there is still the possibility to develop other strategies that could improve NUE even more under grazing conditions.…”

Section: Strategies To Improve N Use Efficiency In Grazing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows

Keim

Anrique

2011

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Grazing dairy cows are characterized by converting a low proportion of dietary N into milk N. This low N use efficiency (NUE) is mainly due to an excessive supply of crude protein (CP) of pasture with regard to animal requirements. Excess N in the diet has negative effects for the animal; it alters the organoleptic characteristics of milk and pollutes the environment through N excretions. The aim of this review was to analyze the available information on nutritional strategies to improve NUE by grazing dairy cows, such as diluting the dietary N through supplementation, synchronizing ruminal carbohydrate (CHO), and N fermentation rates, and using pastures with a high water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content. There is a beneficial effect of carbohydrate supplementation on NUE, with an increase in milk yield (MY) of 0.83 ± 0.34 kg milk kg -1 supplement and a reduction of ammonia N (NH 3 -N) in the rumen. A better synchrony between CHO and rumen N does not improve MY and NUE. However, a positive effect on NUE was identified as a result of increasing the WSC/CP ratio. The use of cultivars with high WSC content increases the dry matter intake (DMI), MY, and milk N production, with no consistent effect on NUE.

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Digestion kinetics of leaf, stem and inflorescence from five species of mature grasses

et al. 2005

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The objective of this study was to measure the digestion kinetics for mature (green and nonsenescent) components of five grass species using in sacco and in vitro incubations to define rates of degradation and nutrient release. Mature perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, Yorkshire fog, phalaris and paspalum were hand separated into leaf blade, stem and inflorescence (flower head) for incubations. Concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in fractions were in the ranges 492-677 (leaf), 626-718 (stem) and 501-677 (inflorescence) g kg −1 dry matter (DM). Crude protein concentrations in the DM of the respective fractions were 70-236 (leaf blade), 35-77 (stem) and 75-120 (inflorescence) g kg −1 DM. Soluble DM (% of the total) determined after mincing accounted for 31-54% of leaf, 26-56% of stem and 20-49% of inflorescence and fractional degradation of the insoluble DM was very slow, in the ranges 0.04-0.11 (leaf), 0.03-0.05 (stem) and 0.03-0.08 (inflorescence) h −1 . After 24 h of in vitro incubation, plant nitrogen content became limiting for fermentation in most instances, especially with tall fescue and paspalum. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production appeared to be similar for leaf, stem and flower fractions, but the proportion of plant DM released as VFA after 48 h was only 7-12%, with a higher value (19%) for tall fescue. Nitrogen concentration in forage DM was not directly related to VFA yield in vitro. In conclusion, the in sacco kinetics suggested slow colonisation of all components, but especially stem, which will limit the rate of nutrient production. Effective degradability was highest for leaf but rates in vivo will depend on the speed and extent of particle size reduction by chewing during eating and ruminating.

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Ryegrass Versus Corn Starch or Beet Pulp Fiber Diet Effects on Digestion and Intestinal Amino Acids in Dairy Cows

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Milk production and ruminal metabolites from cows offered two pasture diets supplemented with non‐structural carbohydrate

Milk production and ruminal metabolites from cows offered two pasture diets supplemented with non‐structural carbohydrate

Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows

Digestion kinetics of leaf, stem and inflorescence from five species of mature grasses

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