S-100β protein as a biomarker in acute hemorrhagic stroke

Abstract

S-100β is a member of S-100 super family of proteins. This family of proteins is called so because they are 100% soluble in ammonium sulfate. S-100 is an acidic protein and has a molecular weight of 21 kilodalton. It consists of two subunit α chain and β chain. It is known that combination of these subunits is different from the location in human body. S-100β is located in glial cell and schwann cell, S-100αβ in glial cell, and S-100αα in ABSTRACT Acute hemorrhagic stroke, a subtype of acute stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability throughout the world. At present, the diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic stroke is mainly based on Computer Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) but till now no biomarkers are routinely used in acute hemorrhagic stroke management. This article is a critical and descriptive review on the role of S100β protein as a biomarker in acute hemorrhagic stroke. Plasma S-100β level increases significantly in acute hemorrhagic stroke patients when compared to the normal subjects. Beside, the plasma S-100β can be correlated to the volume of hemorrhage in brain measured by plane CT scan. Plasma S-100β is an useful biomarker in acute hemorrhagic stroke and can be used for estimation of volume of hemorrhage in brain in acute hemorrhagic stroke patients. Thus, S-100β can be useful as an alternative to CT scan/MRI in diagnosis and in taking therapeutic decision in acute hemorrhagic stroke management.