S-100 protein in human cartilage lesions.

Weiss, Anna; Dorfman, Howard D.

doi:10.2106/00004623-198668040-00006

Cited by 90 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…S-100 protein expression in matrix-producing carcinoma, especially in metaplastic cells, is well known 2 and is frequently seen in chondrocytes and chondrocytic tumors. 21 Moreover, S-100 protein expression is well known in lacuna cells and some neoplastic myoepithelial cells in salivary pleomorphic adenoma, which is derived from epithelial origin. 16 Coexpressions of sox9 and S-100 protein in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast were biologically associated with transdifferentiation of neoplastic epithelial cells to chondrocytic cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilaginous features in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: four cases report with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of matrix molecules

et al. 2008

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Matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast is a well-established entity in the group of metaplastic carcinoma, which is histologically characterized by myxochondroid matrix formation and is extremely rare. We describe here four additional cases of matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast. All cases of matrix-producing carcinoma show nest-like, sheet-like, and cord-like growth of tumor cells with cellular atypia, in addition to scattered cancer cells within myxoid or myxohyalinous stroma. Three of four cases showed an acellular or oligocellular matrix-rich zone in the center of the tumor. Immunohistochemically, cancer cells of all cases were positive for cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigens and partially positive for sox9 and p63. Aggrecan and type II collagen, which are cartilage-specific matrix molecules, were deposited in the stroma of all cases. Type I and type IV collagens were also deposited on the stroma of all cases. These findings suggest that, although cancer cells of matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast are epithelial, they transdifferentiate to chondrocyte-like cells and produce cartilage-specific matrix molecules, which are useful markers for diagnosing matrix-producing carcinoma. Modern Pathology (2008Pathology ( ) 21, 1282Pathology ( -1292 doi:10.1038/modpathol.2008 published online 11 July 2008 Keywords: aggrecan; collagens; matrix-producing carcinoma; breast; immunohistochemistry; electron-microscopy Matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast is an extremely rare and specialized variant of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast, which is a well-established entity; 1,2 because of its rarity, the features of its stroma have remained unclear.Aggrecan is a cartilage-specific major proteoglycan. 3 This macromolecule deposits in the hypertrophic zones of growth plate cartilage, 4 although it was reported to deposit in the salivary pleomorphic adenoma, which frequently showed mesenchyme-like elements, including myxoid and chondroid tissues. 5,6 Type II collagen, which is a cartilage-specific major collagen, and chondromodulin-I (ChM-I), which is cartilage-specific noncollagenous matrix protein, 4,7,8 are deposited in the normal cartilaginous matrix. These molecules can be useful markers of cartilaginous differentiation. As sox9 is a transcription factor, the expression of which induces cartilaginous differentiation, 9-11 this molecule is also a useful marker of chondroid differentiation in normal and neoplastic tissues. [9][10][11][12] We investigated the deposition of matrix molecules in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast, histochemically and immunohistochemically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilaginous features in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: four cases report with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of matrix molecules

et al. 2008

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“…21,22 This is the reason why S-100 protein cannot be used to identify mesenchymal chondrosarcoma if there are no chondroid islands present, a feature largely confirmed in this study. [21][22][23][24] A potential, but rather rare, indicator of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma are single large rounded cells, which are positive for S-100 protein. 20,25 Of note, these cells are always surrounded by an extracellular matrix positive for collagen type II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type II collagen as specific marker for mesenchymal chondrosarcomas compared to other small cell sarcomas of the skeleton

et al. 2005

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Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare, usually highly malignant chondrogenic neoplasm. The diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma can be challenging, it nonetheless has important therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Thus, biopsies of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas without conspicuous cartilaginous differentiation cannot be safely distinguished from other small cell mesenchymal neoplasms such as Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroendrocrine tumors, synovial sarcomas and hemangiopericytomas, because all of these neoplasms might show overlapping histological features, and so far, there have been no safe immunohistochemical markers available in order to differentiate these neoplasms. In our study on a large series of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (n ¼ 30) and other small cell sarcomas (Ewing's sarcomas (n ¼ 12), synovial sarcomas (n ¼ 6), hemangiopericytomas (n ¼ 5), small cell osteosarcomas (n ¼ 3), and desmoplastic small round cell tumors (n ¼ 1)), we could establish the presence of type II collagen in the extracellular tumor matrix of the small cell areas of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas as a specific and sensitive marker to identify mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and to exclude other small cell neoplasms (except chondroblastic areas in small cell osteosarcomas). In contrast, the S-100 protein was less sensitive and vimentin and total collagen content unspecific for discriminating these neoplasms. Thus, the presence of type II collagen in the extracellular tumor matrix significantly facilitates the diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas in the absence of histologically visible chondroid matrix formation.

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“…The tissue was characterized pathologically with the assistance of Lent Johnson, Distinguished Scientist, Division of Bone Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. Specific cell types were identified by immunostaining for von Willebrand's factor (endothelial cells), smooth muscle actin, and S-100 protein [a useful marker for chondrocytes (19,20)]. Additional immunostaining was performed for type II collagen (Biodesign).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 in arterial endothelium causes hyperplasia, apoptosis, and cartilaginous metaplasia

Schulick

Taylor

Zuo

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

173

128

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S-100 protein in human cartilage lesions.

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Cartilaginous features in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: four cases report with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of matrix molecules

Cartilaginous features in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: four cases report with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of matrix molecules

Type II collagen as specific marker for mesenchymal chondrosarcomas compared to other small cell sarcomas of the skeleton

Overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 in arterial endothelium causes hyperplasia, apoptosis, and cartilaginous metaplasia

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