S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis is a targetable metabolic vulnerability in multiple myeloma

Abstract

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy and is incurable due to the inevitable development of drug resistance. The methionine adenosyltransferase 2α (MAT2A) is the primary producer of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and several studies reported MAT2A deregulation in different solid cancers. As the role of MAT2A in MM is not studied yet, the aim of this study was to clarify the potential role and underlying molecular mechanisms of MAT2A in MM, exploring new therapeutic options to overcome drug resistance. By analyzing publicly available gene expression profiling data, MAT2A was found to be highly expressed in patient-derived myeloma cells compared to normal bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC), correlating with an unfavorable prognosis in relapsed patients. MAT2A inhibition in MM cells led to a reduction in intracellular SAM levels, which resulted in impaired cell viability and proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Further mechanistic investigation demonstrated that MAT2A inhibition inactivated the mTOR-4EBP1 pathway, accompanied with a decrease in protein synthesis. MAT2A targeting in vivo with the small molecule compound FIDAS-5 was able to significantly reduce tumor burden in the 5TGM1 model. Finally, we found that MAT2A inhibition can synergistically enhance the anti-MM effect of the standard-of-care agent bortezomib both on MM cell lines and primary human CD138+ _MM cells. In summary, we demonstrate that MAT2A inhibition reduces MM cell proliferation and survival by inhibiting mTOR-mediated protein synthesis. Moreover, our findings suggest that the MAT2A inhibitor FIDAS-5 could be a novel compound to improve bortezomib-based treatment of MM.

Targeting mTOR signaling pathways in multiple myeloma: biology and implication for therapy

“…Further analysis demonstrated that PYCR1 inhibition also reduced cellular uptake of puromycin, confirming that protein synthesis was inhibited [ 102 ]. Similarly, MAT2A inhibition also inactivated the mTOR-4E-BP1 pathway, accompanied with a decrease in protein synthesis, again resulting in MM cell death [ 104 ].…”