S-allylmercaptocysteine scavenges hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen in vitro and attenuates gentamicin-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and renal damage in vivo

Abstract

BackgroundOxidative and nitrosative stress have been involved in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of S-allylmercaptocysteine, a garlic derived compound, on gentamicin-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and nephrotoxicity. In addition, the in vitro reactive oxygen species scavenging properties of S-allylmercaptocysteine were studied.ResultsS-allylmercaptocysteine was able to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen in vitro. In rats treated with gentamicin (70 mg/Kg body weight, subcutaneously, every 12 h, for 4 days), renal oxidative stress was made evident by the increase in protein carbonyl content and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and the nitrosative stress was made evident by the increase in 3-nitrotyrosine. In addition, gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was evident by the: (1) decrease in creatinine clearance and in activity of circulating glutathione peroxidase, and (2) increase in urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and (3) necrosis of proximal tubular cells. Gentamicin-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and nephrotoxicity were attenuated by S-allylmercaptocysteine treatment (100 mg/Kg body weight, intragastrically, 24 h before the first dose of gentamicin and 50 mg/Kg body weight, intragastrically, every 12 h, for 4 days along gentamicin-treatment).ConclusionIn conclusion, S-allylmercaptocysteine is able to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen in vitro and to ameliorate the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative and nitrosative stress in vivo.

Protective Effect of Quercetin against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

“…Consistent with the data from the study of Pedraza-Chaverrí et al 40) we observed in our study that urinary excretion of total protein was increased after GM injection indicating tubular damage. On the other hand, BUN and serum creatinine levels were augmented indicating glomerular damage.…”

“…However, the combined administration of quercetin plus GM to rats resulted in significant reduction in the elevated levels of urinary total protein concentrations, BUN and serum creatinine. These results could be in accord with several other researches, which reported that, compounds with antioxidant properties like S-allylmercaptocysteine 40) and diallyl sulfide 41) inhibited the increased urinary excretion of total protein induced by GM in rats. Other compounds like resveratrol, 22) carnosine 23) or garlic extract, 8) partially prevented the increase in BUN and serum creatinine levels induced by GM.…”

“…Results from many studies 22,23,40) have shown that GM produced an elevation in the concentrations of biochemical indicators of kidney function such as BUN, serum creatinine and total protein excretion in urine. Consistent with the data from the study of Pedraza-Chaverrí et al 40) we observed in our study that urinary excretion of total protein was increased after GM injection indicating tubular damage.…”

ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF A LICHEN, EVERNIASTRUM CIRRHATUM (FR.) HALE ex. SIPMAN

“…[17,18] Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) was generated in vitro by reacting NaOCl and H 2 O 2 and the bleaching of N, N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO) was monitored at 440 nm. The reaction mixture contained 45 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.1), 50 mM NaOCl, 50 mM H 2 O 2 , 50 mM histidine, 10 µM RNO and various concentrations (0-200 µg/ml) of ECME in a final volume of 2 ml.…”

Antioxidant Activity Assay of Alpha-mangostin for Amelioration of Kidney Structure and Function in Diabetic Mice

“…The disruption of BUN and creatinine secretion at the renal proximal tubules will result in rising plasma BUN and creatinine level. This is due to the damage on the glomerulus, leading to a lowering of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) followed by rising plasma BUN and creatinine level [9].…”