S- and N-doped graphene-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

Gavidia, Luis Miguel Rivera; Luis-Sunga, Maximina; Bouša, Milan; Valeš, Václav; Kalbáč, Martin; Arévalo, M.C.; Pastor, E.; Garcı́a, Gonzalo

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135975

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A similar trend was observed when using the integrated intensity (A D /A G , area under peak) ratio, which is projected as a better parameter to measure the degree of disorder. 34 The crystallite sizes (L a ) were calculated using the formula reported by Cancado et al, 35 which states that L a is inversely proportional to the A D /A G ratio. The values ranged between 6 and 17 nm for the exfoliated materials compared with graphite (77 nm).…”

Section: Nature Of the Exfoliated Materialmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Room Temperature Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene and Its Application as Catalyst Support for ORR in PEMFCs

Bhaskaran,

Chetty

2024

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Catalyst durability is one of the crucial factors for the large-scale commercialization of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Graphene is a potential candidate for catalyst support, among the various alternatives, owing to its excellent properties, such as high surface area and stability. Its large-scale employment has, however, been limited due to the difficulties involved in production and maintaining optimal functional groups for Pt incorporation without compromising its innate stability. In this work, we synthesized functionalized multilayer graphene with in situ nitrogen doping using a simple, one-step electrochemical process at room temperature with an eco-friendly nitrogen source. We investigated various parameters, such as electrolyte concentrations, synthesis conditions, and the need for post-exfoliation procedures to produce the optimized support. Nitrogen doping up to 10 at. % was obtained by increasing precursor concentration. Pt incorporation was performed using an ultrafast microwave-assisted polyol process. Uniform distribution with an average particle size <2 nm was obtained on the optimized support. When tested for activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media, the catalysts exhibited higher onset potential and mass activity than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Accelerated degradation tests revealed higher electrochemically active surface area retention for the synthesized catalyst compared to commercially available Pt/C.

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Section: Nature Of the Exfoliated Materialmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Room Temperature Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene and Its Application as Catalyst Support for ORR in PEMFCs

Bhaskaran,

Chetty

2024

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Despite the fact that sulfur does not fit in the graphene plane and bulges out of the sheet, the most studied codoped graphene system is sulfur and nitrogen codoped graphene. There are so many articles published about this system − …”

Section: Codoped or Dual-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main application of the prepared S and N codoped graphene materials has been in perhaps the most critical reaction in the industry, the oxygen reduction reaction. Following the first work by Liang et al commented on above, more than 40 papers were published reporting the catalytic power of S and N codoped graphene for the ORR reaction. ,− Most of these works evidence a performance similar to or superior to those of commercial Pt/C catalysts and superior stability. Nevertheless, more work is needed because, to the best of our knowledge, S and N codoped graphene is not the most used catalyst for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions.…”

Section: Codoped or Dual-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroatom Codoped Graphene: The Importance of Nitrogen

Denis

2022

ACS Omega

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Although graphene has exceptional properties, they are not enough to solve the extensive list of pressing world problems. The substitutional doping of graphene using heteroatoms is one of the preferred methods to adjust the physicochemical properties of graphene. Much effort has been made to dope graphene using a single dopant. However, in recent years, substantial efforts have been made to dope graphene using two or more dopants. This review summarizes all the hard work done to synthesize, characterize, and develop new technologies using codoped, tridoped, and quaternary doped graphene. First, I discuss a simple question that has a complicated answer: When can an atom be considered a dopant? Then, I briefly discuss the single atom doped graphene as a starting point for this review's primary objective: codoped or dual-doped graphene. I extend the discussion to include tridoped and quaternary doped graphene. I review most of the systems that have been synthesized or studied theoretically and the areas in which they have been used to develop new technologies. Finally, I discuss the challenges and prospects that will shape the future of this fascinating field. It will be shown that most of the graphene systems that have been reported involve the use of nitrogen, and much effort is needed to develop codoped graphene systems that do not rely on the stabilizing effects of nitrogen. I expect that this review will contribute to introducing more researchers to this fascinating field and enlarge the list of codoped graphene systems that have been synthesized.

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“…There are many electrocatalysts that are reported for enhancing the HER and OER [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Numerous papers utilize solid electrodes such as glassy carbon [ 7 ], boron-doped diamond [ 8 ], nickel foam [ 5 ], and screen-printed electrodes to “electrically wire” their electrocatalysts [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are manufactured using well-known industrial printers by depositing a combination of layers onto a flat substrate which offers versatility in terms of electrode design, material compatibility, modifications with electrocatalysts, but yet offers highly economical, mass-producible and highly reproducible sensors [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This “electrically wires” the potentiostat system, allowing the user to test their electrochemical and electrocatalytic performance towards the HER and OER. In the academic literature, many different electrodes are utilized, with SPEs being a main feature due to their low-cost, yet highly reproducible nature; there are many papers that utilize SPEs for hosting their catalysts [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 22 ]. Note that it is known in the electrochemistry community that the length of the connection cables can add more resistance to the electrochemical system, which ultimately affects the overpotentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of the Connection Length of Screen-Printed Electrodes towards the Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions

Wuamprakhon

Ferrari

Crapnell

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Zero-emission hydrogen and oxygen production are critical for the UK to reach net-zero greenhouse gasses by 2050. Electrochemical techniques such as water splitting (electrolysis) coupled with renewables energy can provide a unique approach to achieving zero emissions. Many studies exploring electrocatalysts need to “electrically wire” to their material to measure their performance, which usually involves immobilization upon a solid electrode. We demonstrate that significant differences in the calculated onset potential for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be observed when using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) of differing connection lengths which are immobilized with a range of electrocatalysts. This can lead to false improvements in the reported performance of different electrocatalysts and poor comparisons between the literature. Through the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, uncompensated ohmic resistance can be overcome providing more accurate Tafel analysis.

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S- and N-doped graphene-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

One-Pot Room Temperature Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene and Its Application as Catalyst Support for ORR in PEMFCs

One-Pot Room Temperature Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene and Its Application as Catalyst Support for ORR in PEMFCs

Heteroatom Codoped Graphene: The Importance of Nitrogen

Exploring the Role of the Connection Length of Screen-Printed Electrodes towards the Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions

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