S E E D B a L L T E C H N I Q U E F O R E N H a N C I N G T H E Establishment of Subabul (Leucaena Leucocephala) Under Varied Habitats

Abstract

Deforestation and forest degradation are the biggest threats to our forests. Afforestation is one way to sustain life and combat global warming. Unfortunately, high cost and hazard factors in handling of tree saplings and initial care after planting affect the success rate of afforestation projects. Seed ball technique is effective for propagating plants from seeds because the seeds are protected from external stress and predation. The present experiment investigated the applicability of this technique in afforestation programmes at three different locations for the establishment of subabul (Leucaena leucocephala), a tree fodder, which is a major source of grazing for forest animals. Seed balls was prepared using red soil and vermicompost at a ratio of 2:1 and mixed with 230-250 mL of water per kg of medium. Seed balls protected the seeds from biotic and abiotic stresses and the vermicompost provided nutrients and growth hormones which greatly improved the establishment and survival rate of subabul. Seed ball technique is recommended for forest regeneration and re-greening the earth surface.

Recent Developments in Electrodeposition of Transition Metal Chalcogenides‐Based Electrode Materials for Advance Supercapacitor Applications: A Review

“…It also offers the advantage of controlling various deposition parameters which could ultimately control the morphology, crystallinity, and chemical states of the samples thus affecting the electrochemical performance. Based on the experimental findings, transition metal sulphides and selenides belonging to the chalcogenides family have shown promising performance compared to the extensively used metal oxides due to their good electrical conductivity, high specific capacity, low electronegativity, unique crystal structure, and high redox potential as compared to other electrode materials [98–105] . However, the fragile architecture and restricted ions transportation in single‐metal‐based chalcogenides could be overcome by the fabrication of binary/ ternary metal chalcogenides endowed with the synergistic effect of multiple metal species and rich redox reactions resulting in remarkable electrochemical activities.…”

Bursa Uludag University’s Contribution to the Society with Sustainability Projects

“…A seed ball is a mini ecosystem that protects the seeds from birds, ants, etc. A seed ball is a cost-effective technique for revegetating arid regions [15]. Digging a hole for a seed is unnecessary as the seed balls have their burying conditions.…”

“…Digging a hole for a seed is unnecessary as the seed balls have their burying conditions. Seed balls are scattered throughout degraded lands to sprout when it rains [15].…”

Native arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization in seedling root of dogfruit (Archidendron pauciflorum) planted as seed-ball in field

“…The seed-ball technique involves wrapping the seed in a mixture of soil, organic matter, fertilizer, and adhesive components. Seed-balls provide an environment that promotes seed germination and protects seeds from pests [8]. For revegetation land that is difficult to access manually by people, such as land with a steep slope, seed-balls can be planted by throwing them to the ground or dropped with the help of helicopters or planes (aero-seeding) or drones.…”

“…In addition, seeds planted with the seed-ball technique can increase seedling's survival on dry land [10]. Seed-balls contain nutrients that increase seed survival and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses [8]. The seed-ball technique can be used to plant A. pauciflorum.…”