S-equol and the fermented soy product SE5-OH containing S-equol similarly decrease ovariectomy-induced increase in rat tail skin temperature in an animal model of hot flushes

Yoneda, Tomohiro; Ueno, Tomomi; Uchiyama, Shigeto

doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e318208fb0d

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…(13) Kimira et al (26) indicated that the preventive effect of S -equol on bone loss caused by OVX was greater than that of racemic equol. In addition, Yoneda et al (27) reported that S -equol improved the increased tail-skin temperature in a rat model of hot flushes. S -equol has been shown to be rapidly absorbed and excreted from the body in humans and rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of S-equol on bone loss via amelioration of inflammatory indices in ovariectomized mice

Nishide

Miki²,

Kobori

et al. 2013

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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S-equol is a natural metabolite of the soy isoflavone, daidzein, produced by intestinal bacteria. S-equol has been shown to have greater estrogenic activity than other soy isoflavones and prevent bone loss in post-menopausal women. Estrogen regulates both bone remodeling and hemopoiesis in the bone marrow, these processes that communicate closely with each other. In this study, we investigated the effect of S-equol on bone mass and gene expression of bone marrow cells in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Female ddY strain mice, aged 12 weeks, were either sham operated or OVX. The OVX mice were randomly divided into two groups: (1) OVX control and (2) OVX fed a 0.06% (w/w) S-equol supplemented diet. After 2 weeks, the trabecular bone volume of the femoral distal metaphysis was markedly reduced in OVX mice. However, treatment with equol was observed to ameliorate this. Expression of inflammatory-, osteoclastogenesis- and adipogenesis-related genes was increased in OVX mice compared with sham mice, and equol was observed to suppress their expression. The present study demonstrates that equol might ameliorate bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency through regulating hemopoiesis and production of inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of S-equol on bone loss via amelioration of inflammatory indices in ovariectomized mice

Nishide

Miki²,

Kobori

et al. 2013

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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“…Since the fermented supplement contained other components of soy, including soy protein, genistein, and unmetabolized daidzein, the decrease in VMS may have been due to these components of the fermented soy. However, a recent report using the ovariectomized rat suggests that it is S-equol in SE5-OH that accounts for its therapeutic effect [ 31 ] . In this study, ovariectomy was associated with approximately a 0.8 °C increase in tail temperature.…”

Section: A Dietary Supplement Containing S-equol (Se5-oh) and Menopaumentioning

confidence: 98%

S-equol, a Natural Metabolite of Soy Daidzein, for the Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women

Jackson¹,

Greiwe²,

Schwen³

2013

Nutrition and Diet in Menopause

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Key PointsS-equol is a potent, nonhormonal, nonsteroidal estrogen receptor • b agonist. S-equol is produced by the gut biotransformation of soy daidzein, an iso fl avone present in soy.• Individuals, particularly Asians, who are equol producers have fewer menopausal symptoms, • osteoporosis, diseases of the prostate, and cardiovascular diseases. A soy-derived dietary supplement containing 10 mg S-equol has been shown to reduce menopausal • symptoms and improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. A clinical study in men and women with doses of S-equol up to 320 mg/day demonstrated that the • compound has an excellent safety and pharmacokinetic pro fi le. IntroductionIn 2002 the results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) were published [ 1 ] . Surprisingly, postmenopausal women on hormone therapy (HT), Premarin ® (0.625 mg/day) plus medroxy-progesterone (2.5 mg/day), had signi fi cantly increased cardiovascular diseases, invasive breast cancer, stroke, and venous thromboembolism compared to the placebo group. The women on HT did have fewer hip fractures and there was a reduced incidence of colorectal cancer. Nonetheless, the fi ndings of WHI have had a major impact on women's health. Women do not want HT as re fl ected in the reduced prescriptions for products containing estrogens, and as a result, the incidence of hip fractures has increased by 55 % since 2002 [ 2 ] . As an alternative to HT, many women have resorted to nonhormonal therapies for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, including antidepressants, herbal extracts, soy extracts, and soy iso fl avones, also referred to as phytoestrogens [3][4][5][6] . It is well known that Japanese people consume large amounts of soy products and have fewer chronic diseases compared to Caucasians. Adlercreutz et al. [ 7 ] proposed that Japanese women have fewer menopausal symptoms based on their soy intake. The fi rst report on the consumption of soy products and the incidence of hot fl ashes was by Nagata et al., 2001 [ 8 ] . In this study, a questionnaire was used to measure an individual's intake of soy foods. The tertiles for soy intake were low (44.5 g/day), middle (75.2 g/day), and high (115.9 g/day); the intake of total iso fl avones was 20.5, 32.8, and 50.8 mg/day, respectively. A decrease in the hazard ratio for hot fl ashes was directly related to soy and total iso fl avone intake ( p < 0.005).Since these early fi ndings, many controlled clinical studies have been carried out with soy and soy iso fl avones to alleviate vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in menopausal women (for review, see [9][10][11] ). The results of meta-analysis are for the most part inconclusive as to the clinical bene fi t of soy and soy extracts. For many studies, the sample size was too small and the duration of the study was too short (<4-6 weeks) to show a statistical difference between the treated and placebo groups. If the frequency of hot fl ashes was the primary end point, there was little or no response to soy iso fl avone extracts in women who experienced four or fewer hot...

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“…No significant changes compared with control were instead observed in a 35-day study in which animals were treated with either S-equol or a soy germ extract, both providing a dose of 11.5 mg/kg bw/day of S-equol (Yoneda et al, 2011 The authors reported that animals in the SPI groups were administered soy protein isolate (SPI) at 100 and at 200 g/kg diet (low SPI and high SPI, respectively). The SPI used contained 2.14 mg/g aglycone from isoflavones (genistein, 1.10 mg/g; daidzein, 0.84 mg/g and glycitein, 0.20 mg/g).…”

Section: Endpoint: Histo(patho)logymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isomer S-equol and a fermented soy germ product containing S-equol were tested in one study in rats at a single dose of 11.7 mg/kg bw/day (Yoneda et al, 2011).…”

Section: Range Of Doses Used In the Animal Studies Included In The Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones

2015

EFSA Journal

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The EFSA ANS Panel was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the possible association between the intake of isoflavones from food supplements and harmful effects on mammary gland, uterus and thyroid in peri-and post-menopausal women. Isoflavones are naturally occurring substances which can be found in, among other sources, soy, red clover and kudzu root. The main isoflavones are genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin, biochanin A and puerarin. Their chemical structures are related to 17β-oestradiol and they possess oestrogenic properties. Furthermore, isoflavones may interact with the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Food supplements targeted at peri-and postmenopausal women typically provide a daily dose of isoflavones in the range of 35-150 mg/day. A systematic review was performed to investigate whether an association could be found between intake of isoflavones from food supplements and adverse effects on the three target organs in periand post-menopausal women. The human data did not support the hypothesis of an increased risk of breast cancer from observational studies nor of an effect on mammographic density nor on proliferation marker Ki-67 expression in interventional studies. No effect was found on endometrial thickness and histopathological changes in the uterus up to 30 months of supplementation with 150 mg/day of soy isoflavones. After 60 months some non-malignant histopathological changes were reported. Thyroid hormones levels were not changed following intake of isoflavones from food supplements. The background exposure from the diet in the general European population was estimated to be lower than 1 mg/day, whereas in consumers of soy-based foods it could be higher. The Panel concluded that it was not possible to derive a single health-based guidance value for the different preparations in post-menopausal women. However the doses used in the intervention studies and their duration could serve as guidance for the intake of food supplements.

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S-equol and the fermented soy product SE5-OH containing S-equol similarly decrease ovariectomy-induced increase in rat tail skin temperature in an animal model of hot flushes

Abstract: The results of this animal model of hot flushes suggest that S-equol is one of the primary components of SE5-OH and that both SE5-OH and S-equol represent promising alternatives for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Clinical research is needed to confirm these findings.

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Possible role of S-equol on bone loss via amelioration of inflammatory indices in ovariectomized mice

Possible role of S-equol on bone loss via amelioration of inflammatory indices in ovariectomized mice

S-equol, a Natural Metabolite of Soy Daidzein, for the Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women

Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones

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