S100: a multigenic family of calcium-modulated proteins of the EF-hand type with intracellular and extracellular functional roles

RAGE and arthritis: the G82S polymorphism amplifies the inflammatory response

“…Although their intracellular functions are relatively well-defined, such as calcium-dependent chemotaxis, degranulation and phagocytosis by activated granulocytes, 5,6,35 an increasingly recognized view is that these molecules may exhibit distinct functions in the extracellular milieu. 35 These concepts are consistent with the observations that the degree of elevation of S100/calgranulins in inflamed foci may mirror the extent of disease activity. For example, in addition to their association with disease severity in RA, 4 S100/calgranulins have been linked to disease progression in inflammatory bowel disease.…”

Morphological characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus

“…An association between soluble S100 proteins and human inflammatory bowel disease has been demonstrated (20). The interactions between S100 Ca 2+ -modulated proteins and RAGE receptors in the fine regulation of leukocyte trafficking and proliferation has been reviewed (21), but the role of EN-RAGE in atherosclerosis-related inflammation has not been studied. We applied immunohistochemical antibodies against RAGE and EN-RAGE (S100 A12) to coronary plaques of diabetics and nondiabetics (8).…”

S100B Serum Levels and Long-Term Improvement of Negative Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia

“…Physiologically or pathologically (ie excessively) released S100B reaches the extracellular compartment and cerebrospinal fluid before entering the bloodstream (Beaudeux et al, 1999). In animal studies, changes in the cerebral concentration of S100B cause behavioral disturbances and cognitive deficits (for a review see, Donato, 2001;Heizmann et al, 2002;Rothermundt et al, 2003Rothermundt et al, , 2004.…”